Conformity In Arthur Millers The Crucible And Frederick...

Roxana Saberi once said, I learned that maybe other people can hurt my body, maybe they could imprison me, but I did not need to fear those who hurt my body, because they could not hurt my soul, unless I let them.† Even when faced with adversity, Saberi and many others before and after her time have shown that choosing to rebel against conformity builds a strong sense of individuality. This is revealed in Arthur Millers, The Crucible and Frederick Douglass, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, when John Proctor and Frederick Douglass make the decision to go against the norms of their communities. Through both Proctor and Douglass, Miller and Douglass show the development of a sense of self and confidence when standing by an†¦show more content†¦Although Proctor and Douglass ultimately put themselves in difficult positions, their acts of defiance allow them to identify with themselves. This new sense of identity that Proctor and Douglass have obtained build s on their individual mindsets versus having the same perspective as everyone in their communities. In addition to Proctor and Douglass discovering who they are from an individual standpoint, both men also gain self-confidence in their newly found individuality. As Douglass continues to learn of the inconsistencies of slavery, his confidence in himself being free increases. I date the entertainment of deep conviction that slavery would not always be able to hold me within its foul embrace... (Douglass 77). Douglass wants to convey his belief that his life as slave is a temporary lifestyle. In expressing his belief, Douglass establishes a confident tone in order to create an uplifting mood that his audience can feed off of. Moreover, Miller also displays the escalation of Proctors self-confidence when he makes the decision not to confess to witchcraft. I can. And theres your first marvel that I can... For now, I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor (4.933-937). Miller creates an earnest tone to point out the shift in Proctors level of confidence. With Proctor being content with making a decision that people are against, Miller conveys to his audience thatShow MoreRelatedConformity In Arthur Millers The Crucible And Frederick Douglass713 Words   |  3 Pagesand many others before and after her time have shown that choosing to rebel against conformity builds a strong sense of individuality. This is revealed in Arthur Millers, The Crucible and Frederick Douglass, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, when John Proctor and Frederick Douglass make the decision to go against the norms of their communities. Through both Proctor and Douglass, Miller and Douglass highlight the development of a sense of self and confidence when standing by an individual Conformity In Arthur Millers The Crucible And Frederick... Roxana Saberi; an Iranian prisoner of war, once said, I learned that maybe other people can hurt my body, maybe they could imprison me, but I did not need to fear those who hurt my body, because they could not hurt my soul, unless I let them.† Even when faced with adversity, Saberi and many others before and after her time have shown that choosing to rebel against conformity builds a strong sense of individuality. This is revealed in Arthur Millers, The Crucible and Frederick Douglass, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, when John Proctor and Frederick Douglass make the decision to go against the norms of their communities. Through both Proctor and Douglass, Miller and Douglass highlight the development of a sense of self†¦show more content†¦Although Proctor and Douglass ultimately put themselves in difficult positions, their acts of defiance allow them to identify with themselves. This new sense of identity that Proctor and Douglass have obtained builds on their individual mindsets versus having the same perspective as everyone in their communities. In addition to Proctor and Douglass discovering who they are from an individual standpoint, both men also gain self-confidence in their newly found individuality. As Douglass continues to learn of the inconsistencies of slavery, his confidence in himself being free increases. I date the entertainment of deep conviction that slavery would not always be able to hold me within its foul embrace... (Douglass 77). Douglass wants to convey his belief that his life as a slave is a temporary lifestyle. In expressing his belief, Douglass establishes a confident tone in order to create an uplifting mood that his audience can feel. Moreover, Miller also displays the escalation of Proctors self-confidence when he makes the decision not to confess to witchcraft. I can. And theres your first marvel that I can... For now, I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor (4.933-937). Miller creates an earnest tone to point out the shift in Proctors level of confidence. With Proctor being cont ent with making a decision that people are against, Miller conveys to his audience that individuality is connectedShow MoreRelatedConformity In Arthur Millers The Crucible And Frederick Douglass705 Words   |  3 Pagesand many others before and after her time have shown that choosing to rebel against conformity builds a strong sense of individuality. This is revealed in Arthur Millers, The Crucible and Frederick Douglass, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, when John Proctor and Frederick Douglass make the decision to go against the norms of their communities. Through both Proctor and Douglass, Miller and Douglass show the development of a sense of self and confidence when standing by an individual

Raising The Federal Minimum Wage - 799 Words

In the US, President Barack Obama urges Congress to raise the federal minimum wage to $10.10 an hour from $7.25. Although some Republicans oppose to this action, overwhelming majority of Americans see that is a good idea (The Guardian, 2014). Regarding to the issue of minimum wage, there have been lots of debates for a long time. Some economists such as Milton Friedman deeply believe that minimum wage kills jobs, but some like Alan Krueger and David Card think, to some extend, it actually increased employment (The Economist, 2012). To detailedly understand the topic of the minimum wage, both sides debate of the economists on the issue should be concerned. The first is Milton Friedman, claiming that the minimum wage cannot help the economy on the ground that it will increase unemployment and poverty. According to the classic pricing theory, the law of demand, if the price of the labor increases, the quantity demanded for it will decline. Because of the higher wage rate, the empl oyers will decrease the number of workers hired, or replace the low-paid and unskilled workers with the skilled, or even introduce the machinery to do the simple tasks instead of employing workers (Friedman, 1966). Also, small businesses with the tight profit margin may not survive under the higher cost of production. Raising the legal minimum wage rate reduces demand for unskilled workers by increasing the marginal cost of a worker, and induces additional search effort from unemployedShow MoreRelatedRaising The Federal Minimum Wage889 Words   |  4 Pages In my report, I will go into detail and show how raising the federal minimum wage would positively effect the economy. In doing so, I will be discussing how an increase in the federal minimum wage would make a vast improvement on the way many low income families live, and also how raising the federal minimum wage would boost the economy as it desperately needs. In raising the federal minimum wage, one might argue that it would cause a spike in the unemployment rate. The reasoning is that it wouldRead MoreRaising The Federal Minimum Wage1277 Words   |  6 PagesThe idea of raising the federal minimum wage that has developed nation wide attention, including protesting and arguments, has caused many discussions on why it could potentially help the economy grow and how it could result in the crash of the economy. Many people feel like raising the federal minimum wage is a must, while others think it will destroy the economy. There are many benefits that come with raising the federal minimum wage, but those benefits also come with many disadvantages. TheRead MoreRaising The Federal Minimum Wage1225 Words   |  5 Pages Study shows that wage increases do lower poverty, by 2.4% if wage at $8.00, consistent with other studies. (Washington Post/ Arin Dube) 1. Raising the federal minimum wage doesn’t cause substantial unemployment as most economists agree, including over 600 economists who wrote a letter to Congress urging a wage increase, and the Economic Policy Institute. A. Identify shortcomings of the opposition (fallacies they make, or weaknesses in the evidence they use) 1. Arin Dube’s study would be great,Read MoreRaising The Federal Minimum Wage969 Words   |  4 Pages At the heart of this plan was the idea that wages must be set and fair. â€Å"No business which depends for existence on paying less than living wages to its workers has any right to continue in this country.†(Roosevelt) This plan became the Fair Labor Standards Act, which set the Federal Minimum wage. Minimum wage has increased, slowly, over the years, but has not kept up with its intended purpose. Raising the federal minimum wage to a fair living wage level will improve the lives of the working poorRead MoreThe Benefits of Raising the Federal Minimum Wage1334 Words   |  6 PagesPicture this: You are a single parent of two, you work 40 hours a week plus occasional overtime at a minimum wage paying job, you struggle to put food on the table to feed your family, and then you receive a call from the bank saying that your home is being foreclosed. This is the situatio n faced by thousands of Americans every year due to low income and wealth inequality. The federal minimum wage (FMW) as of April 2014 is $7.25, which is not enough to keep a family of two above the poverty line.Read MoreEconomic Outcomes Of Raising The Federal Minimum Wage1489 Words   |  6 Pagespercent of all wage and salary workers. Among those paid by the hour, 1.3 million earned exactly the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. About 1.7 million had wages below the federal minimum. Together, these 3.0 million workers with wages at or below the federal minimum made up 3.9 percent of all hourly paid workers†(Ratio of Minimum Wage). The Federal minimum wage drives debate among people today, and with many wanting the federal government to raise the minimum wage to fifteen dollarsRead MoreMinimum Wage And Fight Income Equality On Numerous Occasions1470 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Obama has expressed his desire to raise the minimum wage and fight income equal ity on numerous occasions. On January 20, 2015, president Obama made the following statement in his State of the Union Address: Of course, nothing helps families make ends meet like higher wages†¦and to everyone in this Congress who still refuses to raise the minimum wage, I say this: if you truly believe you could work full-time and support a family on less than $15,000 a year, go try it. If not, vote to giveRead MoreMinimum Wage Laws For The United States Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesThe minimum wage is the mandated price floor paid on hourly or daily basis for the employees regulated by the government or the union. In â€Å"Federal Minimum Wage†, New Zealand and Australia enacted the first minimum wage law during the late 19th century to prevent employers’ exploitation of workers. In 1912, Massachusetts passed the first minimum wage legislation in the US that was enforced for women and children, and fifteen more states followed in the next eleven years. Howe ver, the Supreme CourtRead MoreU.s. Federal Minimum Wage Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesCongress passed the federal minimum wage law in 1938 as part of their Fair Labor Standards Act. Federal minimum wages were intended to ensure fair wages were paid to an alarming amount of women and youths employed and paid substandard wages. This also seems to be the case today, where countless Americans who work full time, cannot make ends meet by making minimum wage. Evidence shows that raising the minimum wage would drive consumer spending, thus producing faster macroeconomic growth. Wage stagnation isRead MoreU.s. Federal Minimum Wage Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesThe current U.S. Federal Minimum Wage is $7.25 per hour. In just two years from 2013, the demanded from advocates for raising minimum wage rose from $9 to $15. However, raising the minimum wage is more complex than simply raising the number of federal standard of pay for employees. Relative control groups and other market activiti es play a part in the outcome of the minimum wage. For example, one instance of market activity was observers said that raising the minimum wage did not hurt individuals;

Theoretical Developments in Marketing †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Theoretical Developments in Marketing. Answer: Introduction Firms that outsmart their rivals by providing improved or new services to consumers have been noted to keep their service development processes from being ad hoc. According to Anderson (2007), these client-focused firms tend to advance with particular intentions via a set of well-planned stages of service innovation. Primarily, these steps involve idea generation, instituting clear objectives, concept development, prototyping, customer feedback, service design, and launch. All these are comprised in a service blueprint. Shostack (2012) defines a service blueprint as a visual/pictorial, sequential representation of a clients experiences of some specific services or products alongside organizational processes that are designed to back the experiences. Service blueprints are beneficial in several ways. They provide an overview of a companys capabilities so that workers can associate what they do with the services perceived as an essential whole (Anderson, 2011). This encourages a client -oriented determination among workers (Chi Gursoy, 2009). They also help in the identification of a companys fail/weakness points which may be revamped for a companys quality improvement strategies (Bitner, 2011). Service blueprints provide the basis for detecting as well as evaluating a companys revenue, capital invested, and cost elements (Cardozo, 2005). This paper will, using the case of Virgin Australia (VA) airline, discuss the usage of service blueprints to help in meeting the objectives of a company. VA is the second largest airline in Australia after Qantas and the largest by definitions of the size of a fleet (Kim Lee, 2009). Currently headquartered in Bowen Hills in Brisbane, the company was co-founded by Brett Godfrey and Richardson Branson in 1999 (Gregson, Hampson, Junor, Fraser, Quinlan Williamson, 2015), having only two airplanes operating in one route (Fraser, Quinlan Williamson, 2017). The company, however, got empowered when Ansett Australia collapsed in 2001(Flie Kleinaltenkamp, 2004). Since then, the company has grown and is currently serving 29 cities within Australia, developing moment by moment. Owing to the large number of clients that the company had, VA increased their number of return flights from the initial 7 to 10 (Kim Lee, 2009) and also expanded their coverage to include all major Australian cities (Bitner, 2011). Not only did they increase their internal coverage, the company also expanded their flights to oversee countries, most specifically the United States. Initially, only the United and Qantas airlines competed for the US-Australia transpacific marketplace (Anderson, 2011). This extension helped the company to satisfy its ardent customers need who always had to use other airlines when travelling across the Pacific Ocean to the U.S. Another reason that catapulted VAs success is the taking over of the leadership of the company by John Borghetti after Brett Godfrey stepped down in 2010. The movement of Borghetti from Qantas to Virgin influenced the movement of other Qantas staff. With the expertise that was carried, VA got a new set of organizational restructuring and make-ups that significantly impacted on its service provision to its clients (Kim Lee, 2009). The arrival of a new CEO also led to the rebranding of the company, creating a new impression that served to entice more and more clients. See the appendix for the companys blueprint. Virgin Australias Blueprints Front and Back Stages An exchange between consumers and businesses has continually been an integral component of commerce in any business. Notwithstanding the type of products or services offered by an organization, communication between a business and its customers will occur inevitably (Cardozo, 2005).VA, as a commercial organization, uses a website to communicate and interface with their clients (Keiningham, Morgeson, Aksoy Williams, 2014). The website serves a wide range of customers since it allows for usage in different major world languages like English and Chinese. From a glance, the companys website is considerably straightforward. It clearly shows the major services provided by the company just immediately after accessing the websites homepage. This allows easy and quick access to the companys important information that may be needed by its potential clients (Chi Gursoy, 2009). Additionally, the website contains details of all the experiences that should be expected by the airlines clients, de stinations accessible by the airline, possible plans for appropriate bookings, and seasons that may be appropriate for clients. These help the airlines customers to make informed decisions regarding the kind of services and quality they can get from the company (Cunningham, Young Lee, 2009). Generally, the companys website is accessible, functional, informative, and there are quick responses to the companys clients since data can be accessed just at a press of button. Nevertheless, the problem regarding the companys front stage is that the features revealed on the companys website stop there. Whereas it may be the companys objective to achieve all that are shown on its website, some of the features shown on their website are not currently being offered by the company (Gregson et al., 2015). There are only data regarding the same but the activities are not taking place. The company can attract more clients if only they made the features on their website more flexible and interactive than they are (Anderson, 2011). Keiningham et al. (2014) note that a direct interaction (an audio visual connection between the clients and the company) with the companys clients can be significantly enticing to the clients. Nonetheless, it is regretted that they are missing in the companys website. Furthermore, while the interface offers a detailed description of the services offered by the airline and the regions within which the company operates, a potential custome r can still find it dull. This can make them turn to their main rival airline company, Qantas, to meet their needs. Apparently, the back stage of the VA forms the very detailed front stage of the company. The VA depends chiefly on the technical skills as well as the competence of its staff to meet the need of their. Within the work lines of the companys staff, repeatability or return of their clients for more accesses is significant to the companys revenue (Chi Gursoy, 2009). By returning for services, the company gets to appreciate that their services are esteemed by their clients (Cunningham et al., 2009). As such, the companys staff have to endeavor to offer proper and modern class of services that will appeal to their clients. According to Fraser et al. (2017), the return/repeatability of clients implies that the companys staff has effectively outsourced the operations displayed on the companys front stage, particularly the companys website. VAs airline company, thus, has a fit-with-reference both to the back stage and front stages proportions that are needed in their service provision processes and overall operations. Cardozo (2005) argues that the website interface gives the (potential) clients of the company ideas regarding the operations of the company, the services offered, and channels via which they can contact the company. It is, therefore, the duty of the companys back stage to meet the needs of the companys clients as well as keep them gratified since this will determine whether the clients will remain loyal to the company in the future as well. Virgin Australias Moments of Truth In recent times, companies with robust networks of frontline salespersons have concentrated significant amounts of money as well as effort toward retaining their present clients (Shostack, 2012). Regardless of whether a company has a physical or digital presence or even both, their contact centers/interfaces have to increasingly deal with their clients during crucial moments of truth and the manner in which this experience is perceived is critical for a companys brand reputation, profitability, and loyalty (Gregson et al., 2015). Moments of truth are defined as those exchanges when clients dedicate a significant quantity of energy so that they can meet a gratifying outcome (Fraser et al., 2017). VA has several moments of truth. First, the company has begun developing interactive interfaces through which they will be able to link up with their clients (Chi Gursoy, 2009). They are currently developing a customer-connect interface of their present contact centers as well as a newly developed reach-from-home platforms. These will help the company to service both its prospective as well as current clients within and without Australia (Keiningham et al., 2014). The platform will similarly allow the company to provide services within a period of 24/7. In their attempt to warrant the best client experience, Cunningham et al. (2009) point out that they are also implementing a hybrid technology of proactive website chat functions, non-static website forms, virtual assistance, distance agent option, as well as voice biometrics capabilities that will allow for customers auto recognition. Furthermore, the company was launched in August 2000. At this time, the company only operated between Sydney and Brisbane, serving only a limited number of clients. According to Shostack (2012), the timing of the entry ofVA into the Australian airplane industry was of a great fortune to the company since it was filling a vacuum that was left by the failed Ansett Australia in 2001. This gave VA a challenge of meeting the interests of Ansetts former customers. Australia aircrafts, thus, compelling the company to tirelessly work to advance their objectives. Another moment of truth for the VA is with regard to the taking over of the leadership of the company by John Borghetti after Brett Godfrey stepped down in 2010. The movement of Borghetti from Qantas (where he served as the executive general manager) to Virgin (as the CEO) influenced the movement of other Qantas staff. Having carried with them the expertise that they had to their new work place, the Virgin got a boost and provided both services that significantly convinced Virgins clients that Virgin was the best in the industry. The arrival of a new CEO also led to the rebranding of the company so that a new impression could be given to the companys clients. Virgin Australias Determinants of Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction The airline industry is among the competitive industries in the world. With its customers at the center of all their processes, the industry endeavors to improve the quality of the services and flight safety that they offer to their clients (Peyton, Pitts Kamery, 2003). Just like any other airline, the VA is equally affected by customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction as these have the effect of determining whether the company will retain its current customers and entice new clients or lose them (Anderson, 2007). Generally, there are ten quality values that influence peoples satisfaction/dissatisfaction behaviours: timelines, quality, value, ease of access, inter-departmental collaboration, efficiency, obligation to the clients, environment, innovation, and an organizations front-line service behaviours. The study that was conducted by Flie and Kleinaltenkamp (2004) offers a foundation for VAs customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction measurement by employing the gap between the organizations performance and the clients satisfaction. According to Oliver (1980), the factors that determine VAs satisfaction/dissatisfaction include: check-in procedures, ticketing and reservations, in-flight services, and luggage handling. Different people expect to be treated differently whenever they use the VA airlines. As aforementioned, the airline offers different travel classes in their airplanes. Travelers in VAs business class are often charged higher relative to those in the economy category. Peyton et al. (2003) posit that the highly-charged seats imply that the quality of check-in procedures, ticketing and reservations, in-flight services, and luggage handling offered to them should be higher than the ones offered to the economy class travelers. Ideally, clients who pay more expect higher/better s ervices. Using the gap model to explain this, Anderson (2007) points out that clients often compare their anticipations with the real performance offered by their service providers. This depends on whether the performances provided meet or surpass their anticipation (positive disconfirmation) or are below their anticipations (negative disconfirmation). The later leads to customers dissatisfaction while the former leads to their satisfaction. To meet these factors, the service quality gap model (SERVQUAL), a form of gap model, is used. The SERVQUAL plays two main roles: identification of gaps between a companys actual services that are offered at different stages of the companys service delivery and the customers expectation (Akan, 1995) and closing up the gaps as well as improving the customer service (Oliver, 1980). As such, by the SERVQUAL model, the service quality of VA can be determined by recognizing the breaches that exist between the companys clients anticipations of the type and qual ity of services offered to them and their views of the real VAs performance of services. VAs service quality measurement can be gauged on five different dimensions. First is tangibility. Tangibility connotes the physical features that are related to a service counter (Akan, 1995). The second dimension is reliability. This gauges a companys ability to provide dependable as well as accurate services, thereby, ensuring right and consistent performance of services (Lovelock, 2013). Reliability is significant since the higher the reliability of an airline, the more the number of travelers that it gets. The third dimension is empathy. Empathy refers to a companys readiness to provide all its customers with their individual services (Peyton et al., 2003). Assurance is another dimension that can be used to gauge VAs quality of service. Assurance denotes different characteristics that provide a companys clients with confidence (Flie Kleinaltenkamp, 2004). These may include a companys particular service, polite, knowledge, and trustworthy behaviours towards their employees (Akan, 1995). Lastly is responsiveness, which refers to a companys willingness to help its clients by offering them with efficient and fast service performances. Generally, studies have shown that companies that have greater/better tangibility, empathy, responsiveness, assurance, and reliability receive more travelers or have more customers (Oliver, 1980). As such, it will be in order for VA to meet all these dimensions of the SERVQUAL model for it to continue competing in the airline industry. A Service-Recovery Strategy Plan for Virgin Australia For the past years, VAs executives have associated their fluctuating performance in the industry with the type of service-recovery strategy that they have always employed to enhance their customer loyalty (Lovelock, 2013). However, for it to outperform Qantas, the company should reorganize its strategy towards winning the trust of its customers. They should employ a strategy that will encompass all activities surrounding the comfort of their clients right from baggage drop, check-in, plane conditions, boarding, in-flight services like entertainment, shopping, as well as foods and beverages till the point of disembarkation. The company should, therefore, have a service-recovery that: offers quick actions/responses to incidents, provides sufficient explanations underlying the occurrence of incidents, offers fair treatment to their passengers in cases of incidents, cultivates associations/closeness between the companys staff and the their passengers, enables VAs staff to learn from their past recovery experiences, and tracks complaints by their clients in the event of incidents. According to Lovelock (2013), this service-recovery model functions by improving peoples psychological behaviours between an organizations staff and customers. This is because the strategy is customer-focused and cost effective (Flie Kleinaltenkamp, 2004), having the objective of satisfying clients needs when airlines are on board, identifies as well as rectifies the challenges during incidents without negative implications (Lovelock, 2013). Conclusion To this end, it can be concluded that VA has a robust service blueprint. This is attributed to the fast success that it realized just after being launched in 1999. For the company to continue realizing its objectives, they must take into account factors, like check-in procedures, ticketing and reservations, in-flight services, and luggage handling for their customers. This will go a long way to affect customers satisfaction levels and behaviours. They can, therefore, remain competitive by employing the five discussed dimensions of the SERVQUAL gap model: reliability, responsiveness, empathy, tangibility, and assurance. Since the history of the airline has been characterized by fluctuations in their performance, this paper suggests that it should employ a service-recovery strategy that entails apologies, assistance, and compensation in cases of incidents. The company can apologize to its clients either orally or in written forms and their staff should offer assistance to their clients in locating their luggage within the airport preferably by the employment of modern technologies which will ensure operational efficiency of the services offered. Similarly, the company can offer compensations in any form to their customers for eventualities. References Akan, P. (1995). Dimensions of Service Quality: A Study in Istanbul. Managing Service Quality, 5(6), 39-43. Anderson, P. (2011). Consumer Dissatisfaction: The Effect of Disconfirmed Expectancy on Perceived Product Performance. Journal of Marketing Research, 10(2), 38-44. Anderson, R. E. (2007). Consumer dissatisfaction: The effect of disconfirmed expectancy on Perceived Product Performance. Journal of Marketing Research, 10(2), 38-44. Bitner, M. J. (2011). Evaluating Service Encounters: The Effects of Physical Surroundings and Employee Responses. Journal of Marketing,54(2), 69-82. Cardozo, R. (2005). An experimental Study of Customer Effort, Expectation, and Satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Research, 2(8), 244-249. Chi, C. G., Gursoy, D. (2009). Employee Satisfaction, Customer Satisfaction, and Financial Performance: An Empirical Examination. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(2), 245-253. Cunningham, L. F., Young, C. E., Lee, M. (2009). Customer Perceptions of Service Dimensions: American and Asian Perspectives. The Service industries Journal, 25(1), 43-59. Flie, S. Kleinaltenkamp, M. (2004). Blueprint the Service Company: Managing Service Processes Efficiently.Journal of Business Research,57(4), 392-404. Fraser, D., Quinlan, M., Williamson, A. (2017). Aust'n airline Virgin Australia plans new route to Hong Kong.Xinhua News Agency. Gregson, S., Hampson, I., Junor, A., Fraser, D., Quinlan, M., Williamson, A. (2015). Supply chains, maintenance and safety in the Australian airline industry.Journal of Industrial Relations,57(4), 604-623. Keiningham, T. L., Morgeson, F. V., Aksoy, L., Williams, L. (2014). Service Failure Severity, Customer Satisfaction, and Market Share: An Examination of the Airline industry. Journal of Service Research, 17(4), 415-431. Kim, Y. K., Lee, H. R. (2009). Passenger Complaints under Irregular Airline Conditions Cross-cultural Study. Journal of Air Transport Management, 15(6), 350-353. Lovelock, C. H. (2013). Managing Interactions between Operations and Marketing and their Impact on Customers, in Bowen, D.E. Chase, R.B. and Cummings, T.G. (eds),Service Management Effectiveness. Balancing Strategy, organization and Human Resources,San Francisco, 343-69. Oliver, R. (1980) Theoretical Bases of Consumer Satisfaction Research: Review, critique, and future direction. In C. Lamb P. Dunne (Eds), Theoretical Developments in marketing (pp.206-210). Chicago: American Marketing Association. Peyton, R. M., Pitts, S., Kamery, H. R. (2003). Consumer Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction (CS/D): A Review of the Literature Prior to the 1990s. Proceedings of the Academy of Organizational Culture, Communication and Conflict, 7(2), 42. 15. Shostack, G. L. (2012). Designing Services that Deliver",Harvard Business Review, 62(1), 133139.

Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay Essay Example

Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay Essay Using recent research discuss how recent attacks have sought to undertake the lodging and homelessness jobs and critically analyse, utilizing modern-day studies and policy proclamations, how the late elected Conservative and Liberal democrat alliance authorities may impact these attacks. Nobody should be made homeless by controversial cuts to lodging benefitsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦I do nt believe it will be necessary for anybody to travel without a place David Cameron, UK Prime Minister, ( BBC, 28/10/10 ) . In 2008, due to assorted grounds, there was a terrible addition in defaults on sub premier mortgages in the U.S.A. This caused a deficit of financess available for loaning that meant loans became impossible to acquire. What we now call the banking crisis spread throughout the remainder of the universe and brought the universe to its articulatio genuss. The affect in the UK resulted in the trouble in obtaining mortgages ; house monetary values fell and the state entered what is considered the worst recession since the Great Depression of 1929. We will write a custom essay sample on Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In June 2010, elections were held in the UK and the Coalition Government ( Conservative and Liberal Democrats ) came into power with a shortage of ?155 billion one of the worst shortages as a per centum of GDP in the universe ( The Telegraph, 19/2/10 ) . The new Government decided on severe steps to cut down the state s shortage and in October 2010, the alliance s comprehensive disbursement reappraisal ( CSR ) was published. Equally shortly as the cuts were announced, several taking homelessness charities urged the Government to rethink the cuts to the benefits budget as they feared the consequence it would hold on the vulnerable and declared that the CSR is a catastrophe for the really people ; who are most deserving of the Governments support ( BBC, 22/10/10 ) . This essay will endeavor to discourse the impact of the late elected alliance authorities on the homeless and those administrations that help and back up them. Since the debut of the Homelessness Act ( 2002 ) , there has been a dramatic decrease in the figure of homelessness applications made to local councils in England. Likewise, the lessening seen in Wales has been since the debut of the Welsh Assembly Governments revised National Homelessness Strategy in 2005. The impermanent adjustment provided to the homeless which are usually in bed and breakfasts and inns have been reduced by the Government and since 2002 the preferable method has now been to utilize the private sector. In add-on, the 2006 Homelessness Order introduced a set of criterions for impermanent adjustment and whether the adjustment was suited to run into the demands of the person/s, nevertheless this has farther added to the addition in private sector leasing. ( Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2009, online ) . Although the figure of homeless have reduced with the debut of policies, schemes and Acts, it has still been left largely to the 3rd sector, and the funders of the charities, to go on presenting front line services that support vulnerable people who find themselves trapped in the revolving door of homelessness . There has besides been a dramatic betterment in the handiness of services that have ensured that the most vulnerable people in society are supported and which facilitate people in developing their accomplishments that will enable them to construct a better life for themselves. Agencies such as Shelter, Crisis and Sitra, and many other voluntary and community sector organsations around the UK have ensured that support has been available for people to assist them settle into lasting places, maintain their occupancy ; happen employment ; manage fundss and reconstruct their assurance. Assorted charities such as Turnaround and A Chance 2 Work have taken on the function of suppl ying preparation ; assisting people with procuring suited adjustment ; signposting them onto bureaus where they can farther develop their accomplishments and besides frequently supplying a Centre where people can run into, be active, and have a sense of community ( Homeless Link, online, 2010 ) . Additionally Shelter support a figure of voluntary undertakings, ( such as Fab Pad and Starter Packs both in Scotland ) , which work with the homeless and besides supply advice, information and protagonism to people in lodging demand and indefatigably run to stop homelessness ( Shelter, 2010 ) . However the CSR has now influenced cardinal authorities support which in bend has affected local authorization ( LA ) support ; private sector lodging ; the lodging market reclamation and decreased support for registered societal landlords. Changes to lodging benefits, with caps on payments to be introduced, eligibility standards and proposed alterations to societal lodging term of office and loss of secure support for lodging plants all have changing deductions harmonizing to LA disbursement programs. These may include rent additions for societal renters ; reduced entree to LA equity release merchandises ; less suppport for traveling and increased force per unit area on twosomes and individual older people to travel out of household sized places across term of office. It is argued that these severe steps will probably coerce households from their places and metropoliss, into debt, onto the street and could do 1000s of people to be made homeless in the UK ( Cocks, Care and Repair, 20 10 ) . The National Housing Federation ( NHF ) claim that decreases in payments for people claiming Jobseekers Allowance could go forth a big figure of the 4.7 million claiming lodging benefit with less disposable income to run into the cost of necesseties ( such as nutrient and public-service corporations ) which could take to a steep rise in evictions and up to 202,000 people losing their places, despite what the Prime Minister says ( BBC, 04/07/10 ) . Although it sounds sensible that individual people under 35 on lodging benefit will non be able to acquire adjustment on their ain, it will be hard for people such as domestic force victims to portion houses with others. Natalie Peart ( 2010 ) points out in the November issue of the Pavement that it is a strong possibility that after the immense stairss which Glasgow City council has taken to better impermanent adjustment by traveling people from out-of-date inns into supported occupancies in existent places could all but disappear and the big homeless inns could return because of the cuts in benefits and allowances. In add-on, Murray ( Libdem, 2010 ) states that the complex agreements that have changed sing the principal of the computation of lodging benefits will go forth many people with less benefit to afford the rent in private sector places and will further ensue in many going homeless. He goes on to reason that unless more low-cost places are built with the right substructure and integrated into bing communities, so many people will be left behind. The consequence of the current alliance authorities s policies will intend more overcrowding, more wretchedness and more people kiping on our streets ( Libdemvoice, online, 2010 ) . Although Shelter welcomes the Governments proclamation that the homelessness and Supporting Peoples ( SP ) grants have been left untasted, it is to be remembered that the SP budget was once pealing fenced, but lost its protection in 2009 and can still be raided by other council sections. They further argue that these grants merely meet the demands of the people who are in the worst state of affairss and does non assist the 1000000s of people who already face the on-going battle to happen and maintain a nice low-cost place, particularly with the rise in unemployment and autumn in disposable income ( Shelter, 2010 ) . Cirencester Housing for Young People have already lost their SP support and this raises the inquiry whether the charity will last ( Homeless Link, online, 2010 ) . Kent Council for illustration has admitted that it is trusting to do significant nest eggs when they re-tend the SP contracts and there are rumors that the figure of SP contracts will be dropped from 72 to 22 w hen the re-tendering procedure Begins ( Inside Housing, online, 2010 ) . As LA s have had their portion of grant support badly cut from cardinal authorities, funding grants usually given to the 3rd sector have been either significantly reduced or withdrawn. This in bend has caused redundancies or working hours being reduced in frontline staff and is impacting how charities are able to assist those that are either at hazard of being homeless or are stateless. The lodging charity Sitra advised that a figure of governments have already implemented terrible decreases to disbursement on lodging related support ( Sitra, online, 2010 ) and harmonizing to Mr Sinclair ( main executive of homelessness charity Broadway ) many charities are being asked by the LA s to cut down the cost of the service by 10 15 % with a intimation that if they are unable to, the charity could be dropped from the contract and the service put out to tender. This would intend that smaller charities which are non in a stable fiscal place would hold to shut if they cut monetary values on bi ng contracts or lose out to cheaper commands. The charity Framework obviously states that the disbursement cuts will impact them greatly. They already have a immense waiting list and they are unable to, at present, do plenty for stateless people with farther support cuts. The loss of staff and the possible closing of the Centre will intend that local homeless people will hold nowhere to travel ( Framework, online, 2010 ) . Even local administrations such as the Citizens Advice Bureaux, Opening Doors, Warrington Community Law Centre and Age Concern Mid Mersey are already covering with an tremendous work load, which has meant working beyond their capacity and, since the CSR, has seen a immense addition in the figure of people through their doors. Without the administrations that provide advice, information, security and support for people to travel into their ain place, enable them to populate independently and guarantee that they do non go homeless once more, many people that 3rd sector bureaus presently support will stop up bac k on the street. Harmonizing to the Conservative Blueprint for Undertaking Homelessness ( 2008 ) , the Conservative Party was committed to undertaking homelessness in society and understand that in order to decently turn to this issue we must travel beyond covering with it strictly as a job of lodging and alternatively accept the multi-faceted nature of homelessness . As portion of the solution, all relevant Whitehall sections including Housing, Work and Pensions, Health and Justice and Defence would be turn toing the issue of homelessness. Similarly the Broad Democrats housing and homelessness pronunciamento included providing much needed aid to those who are fighting at the borders of society by making 1000s of occupations and supplying much needed low-cost lodging to do a existent difference to those who do non hold shelter. The pronunciamento stated that protecting and assisting vulnerable people would stay at the top of their docket ( Broad Democrats, online, 2008 ) . However one time the CSR was announced, it became clear that the rough budget cuts might non guarantee that homelessness remains a precedence on the docket when, for illustration, the disposal budget for most sections was to be slashed by 33 -35 % ( HM Treasury, 2010 ) . Campbell Robb, main executive of the lodging and homeless charity Shelter argues that a sequence of authoritiess has failed to turn to our lodging crisis and today s proclamations suggest the alliance has steadfastly joined them in denying duty for an full coevals s ability to entree decent, secure, low-cost lodging . He continued to state that it was a immense blow to see that lodging which was one of the most basic demands for every individual individual in the UK was confronting some of the biggest cuts in the CSR ( Daily Mirror, 21/10/10 ) . The significant lessening in support for lodging will go forth 100s of 1000s of people on the waiting lists for a nice place. New council house renters will hold to pay well more with rents lifting to 80 % of the market rate and with merely 150,000 new places being built over the following four old ages, warnings that the figure of stateless people will lift hold been repeated by taking charities ( Daily Mirror, 21/10/10 ) . Although the authorities has committed to constructing 150,000 low-cost places, this is about a cut of 30 % from current degrees. The mark set by the authorities of 3 million new places by 2020 is improbable to be met as it means 240,000 places should be built every twelvemonth something that has non been achieved since the early 1990 s and is non on the current docket ( Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2009 ) . Mr Robb ( NCH, 2010 ) criticised Mr Osborne s opinion on lodging, adding that the proposed figure of up to 150,000 low-cost places over four old ages repres ents less than a 3rd of what this state desperately requires to convey the lodging system from its articulatio genuss. However constructing new places will non work out the homelessness crisis or even stop the ceaseless lodging demand in Britain it is far more complex than that. We are still confronting an addition in birth and divorce rates, addition in length of service, people traveling in and out of institutions ( such as prisons, infirmaries, psychiatric arrangements and immature people go forthing attention ) , increased Numberss of refugees and refuge searchers and in-migration from states within and outside of the European Union all continue to be lending factors to homelessness. Angela Kail ( 2010, online ) discussed the impact of the CSR and the 7 % cuts to LA s on charities working in the community sector and argued that the cuts will spell the terminal for local community charities . Many charities will confront closing or cutbacks and will hold to curtail the type, and degree, of services that they can offer ; the figure of people that they can assist and back up, and causes service suppliers to be unable to do long-run programs. Robert McGeachy ( NCH ) argued in 2006 that the 3rd sector are progressively supplying more intensive support over a longer period when demands are non being met elsewhere, nevertheless services being provided will go limited due to miss of support and this is more of a world in today s economic clime ( NCH, on-line 2006 ) . The demand for voluntary sector services will doubtless increase greatly, merely as budgets are cut or affected by new support governments and the homelessness sector will hold to believe about how it can supply more support to vulnerable people with less. However, a study has shown that 63 % of community and voluntary sector administrations plan to cut staff Numberss over the following three months which will do this proposal even more of a challenge ( CVS, online, 15/10/10 ) . Additionally services that are thought to be nice-to-have such as those that develop community development, those that work towards battling fiscal exclusion and societal isolation and those that are similar to others that are being delivered by other homeless services suppliers will non last. Partnership and collaborative working between administrations is now more needful than of all time and it may be the lone manner some charities are able to last to go on back uping vulnerable people. The support cuts are likely to do extremist alterations and charities will hold to confront shriveling in size or unifying with larger charities that are financially more unafraid otherwise they will merely neglect one time they have run out of options. Cathy Pharoah ( 3/11/10 ) argues that this will be the clip when many 3rd sector administrations will necessitate aid with these alterations such as covering with the practicalities of undertaking or closings, redundancies and service reconfiguration. However with the closing of the Regional Development Agencies, and the decreases in Cabinet Office support for substructure organic structures, this aid will non probably be available and the extremist alterations will be even more distressing for some. Jeremy Swain ( main executive of Thames Reach ) suggests that the most of import inquiry of all is will stateless people besides end up paying a rough monetary value? ( Inside Housing, online, 2010 ) No affair who pays the monetary value, it is argued that the budget cuts were necessary in order to cut down the state s public shortage. Grant Shapps ( Minister for Housing and Local Government ) says that by non doing the difficult determinations in order to cut down the shortage, mortgage rates would lift still higher and do houses less low-cost. The involvement refunds on ?1 trillion of debt would take money off from frontline services, cut down future investing and finally stultify the UK. With the loss of about half a million public-sector occupations some say closer to 750,000 ( Sunday Times, 2010 ) , it is possibly fortunate that the alliance Government decided to protect the Homelessness grant by puting ?400 million, and that the decreases to the SP programme has been minimised, with ?6.5bn investing secured over the following four old ages. The Government is cognizant that low-cost lodging for those who can non afford to run into their ain lodging demands remains indispens able and a more flexible system of low-cost lodging will be adopted to run into the different demands of people. Simply put, given the immense force per unit areas on public fundss and the economic fortunes that we face, methods to do limited public investing travel farther demand to be found. Despite the fiscal restraints, the Government will still be puting about ?6.5 billion of the taxpayer s money into lodging, with ?4.5 billion to fund new low-cost places. They besides intend to supply ?200m so that the Mortgage Rescue strategy can remain unfastened to back up vulnerable householders threatened with repossession and a farther ?100m to convey empty places back in usage ( Shapps, 2010 ) . However will this be adequate to cut down the figure of people who are already stateless, those at hazard of going homeless in the hereafter whilst still work towards eliminating homelessness? Since the CSR was announced, everyone interviewed by the BBC seems to be in favor of the budget cuts every bit long as it does non impact him or her. The rough world is that for the following few old ages, everyone will be affected in one-way or another and it is non the first clip that something has happened, such as the election of a new authorities ( albeit it be a alliance ) that will impact attacks and policies in topographic point with respects to undertaking the lodging and homelessness jobs that Britain has faced over the last 20 old ages. The CSR will decidedly hold an inauspicious affect on the full state and harmonizing to the homelessness charities, more so on those that are vulnerable, homeless or at hazard of going homeless. Charities that work with and for older people, kids, carers, young person wrongdoers, ex-service work forces and adult females, those with mental wellness issues merely to call a few are all stating the same and contending for their ain corner nami ng on the Government to rethink the disbursement reappraisal as the cuts will be impacting their most vulnerable service users. Which are the few that need to be sacrificed to maintain the state from crumpling? We may non be ready for the disbursement cuts and revenue enhancement additions, but we now have no pick and something demands to be done to acquire the state off from the threshold of bankruptcy. WORD COUNT 2961

Free Essays on Imagination

Imagination The imagination builds fantasy landscapes and experience and then moves into them to see what they’re like. A great deal of us imagine thing we can not control. For example when we dream or when our mind gets away from us we cannot control the out come or what’s going to happen next. Then there are those imaginations we can control. For example you are sitting somewhere, anywhere and you spot this special some one you start thinking should I go over there and talk to that some one, but then you think what if. Your mind goes into this fantasy role play mode. Now remember you are controlling this imagination. So you get to decide what the out come should be to best fit you. I most cases our imagination is a lot more desirable then the real world. Sometime people take there imagination to far they start affecting they’re bodies. I think the best example for this is people who are anorexics. A lot of people, mainly young woman have this imagine of them tha t society put of them to be skinner. So these young women will change there bodies to what they think society what them to look like and these young women will start making them self throw up after every time they eat because it is easier and less pain full then surgery. But the problem is that they don’t stop. They just think I’m to fat I need to be skinner.... Free Essays on Imagination Free Essays on Imagination Imagination The imagination builds fantasy landscapes and experience and then moves into them to see what they’re like. A great deal of us imagine thing we can not control. For example when we dream or when our mind gets away from us we cannot control the out come or what’s going to happen next. Then there are those imaginations we can control. For example you are sitting somewhere, anywhere and you spot this special some one you start thinking should I go over there and talk to that some one, but then you think what if. Your mind goes into this fantasy role play mode. Now remember you are controlling this imagination. So you get to decide what the out come should be to best fit you. I most cases our imagination is a lot more desirable then the real world. Sometime people take there imagination to far they start affecting they’re bodies. I think the best example for this is people who are anorexics. A lot of people, mainly young woman have this imagine of them tha t society put of them to be skinner. So these young women will change there bodies to what they think society what them to look like and these young women will start making them self throw up after every time they eat because it is easier and less pain full then surgery. But the problem is that they don’t stop. They just think I’m to fat I need to be skinner....

How to Easily Get Iron Out of Your Breakfast Cereal

How to Easily Get Iron Out of Your Breakfast Cereal ​Cold breakfast cereals are usually fortified with iron. What does the iron look like? Use this easy experiment to find out. It only takes about 15 minutes! What You Need 2-3 cups fortified cerealMagnetBowlSpoon or another utensilWaterBlender (optional)Napkin How to Get Iron from Breakfast Cereal Pour the cereal into the bowl or blender.Add sufficient water to completely cover the cereal (its not an exact measurement - you can add as much as you like as iron doesnt dissolve in water)Mash the cereal with a spoon or mix it with the water using a blender. The more finely ground the cereal is, the easier it will be to get the iron.Stir the magnet through the crushed cereal. Iron is heavy and will sink, so be sure to pay attention to the bottom of the bowl. If you used a blender, make sure you can get to the particles at the bottom of the jar.Look for the black fuzz or iron on the magnet. Its easiest to see the iron if you wipe the iron on a white napkin or paper towel. Mmmm Mmm Good!

Research Paper on Data Mining Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

On Data Mining - Research Paper Example This marks their preferences which are used for understanding how often they would shop, where they travel to for getting a brand and what kind of price they are ready to pay for obtaining the said product. Data mining has come of age because it has been linked up with understanding the people in particular and how they employ the basic dictum of buying and selling. This also helps the companies to comprehend how well their target base is shifting its basis and what kind of changes are happening within their fore. The manner in which this personal information is being made use of suggests that the unethical norms and routines are on the upsurge, and these need to be controlled for all the right reasons. Data mining is important to understand because its usage has been openly discussed, criticized and analyzed upon. It has touched upon the significant pointers which have paid emphasis on the way the user privacy levels have been transgressed upon of late, and how these have meant seri ous problems for them; no matter they are available in a physical form or a virtual one (Greenberg, 2006). The data mining procedures are usually given the cover by the people who conduct the same. They believe that it is an ethical process which is good for the company and hence they go about conducting the same business data mining activities. Also they believe staunchly that they must know more in order to give back towards their own business entireties. The personal information that has been saved by the companies in the wake of the data mining procedures is somewhat of a confusing debate. This is because the data mining activities shall be the cornerstone of their reaching towards new and unique customers of products and services. By this, they can find out how the new and unique customers would have their respective preferences and how this shall help the brand (and the company) to develop as a result of the same undertakings. For the users, they seem to be living in an unprot ected zone. This is because they are unaware who is secretly tracking their information and which individual or company is trying its best to reach out to this user in the future. There is a sense of susceptibility with regards to the users when they are unaware of who is going to contact them next and in what capacity this contact will be established. Perhaps, it is about time that the companies realized that there must be an ethical way to bring about contact with the people than merely reaching out to them as strangers. However, much needs to be understood and that too in a proper manner to achieve sound results (Gopalani, 2011). The personal information is important for everyone because it changes the course of one’s entirety. If this is compromised upon, it will mean that the people are being taken for granted by these companies, which is simply deemed as unacceptable on their part. The data mining techniques might look very glamorous to these companies but what they see m to forget is the fact that these companies have a major responsibility to take care of. The reason why people seem to be not protected from the data mining techniques which are in use is because they know already that their information and private data is being compromised upon, and hence the need to set things right. The privacy levels will resolve quite a lot of problems if there are concerted efforts made by the data mining

David Hume and Immanuel Kant on our ideas of right and wrong Essay

David Hume and Immanuel Kant on our ideas of right and wrong - Essay Example The human soul is always on the look out for the answers that haunt their reasoning. Philosophy provides one with the answers to all the questions concerned with the universe, human existence, understanding, morality, ethics and the like. One of the major questions that have been asked all through the history is about the meaning and ideology of right and wrong. What is right and what is wrong? How can you identify something as right or wrong? These are some of the questions that involve the awareness of the philosophy concerning right and wrong. Philosophical ethics, as termed by David Hume, deal with such questions and this branch of philosophy methodizes and, sometimes, corrects the practice in which human beings engage in everyday life. Accordingly, we try to understand the right things of life in difficult situations trying to do the good in respect of what we are and how we act in order to strive to do the right things as human beings and to avoid the things that are bad. Somet imes called meta-ethics, the specific part of the philosophical ethics discusses what right and good mean and how to act out for a life of good avoiding the bad in daily life. David Hume and Immanuel Kant are two of the most prominent philosophers to deal with the ides of right and wrong. David Hume (1711-1776), philosopher, historian, political theorist, social scientist, and essayist in his An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1758) and A Treatise of Human Nature (1739) provide a good knowledge about the understanding of right and wrong. ... The ideas of Hume had their impact on Metaphysics, Epistemology, and Psychology. "Hume is remarkable in that he does not shy away from conclusions that might seem unlikely or unreasonable. Ultimately, he concludes that we have no good reason to believe almost everything we believe about the world, but that this is not such a bad thing. Nature helps us to get by where reason lets us down." (Hume. 2006). The empiricist philosopher tries to make clear the rigidity of scientific methodology rely on philosophical reasoning. According to him, we can understand the world only as a matter of fact and so only experience can prove this. Relations of ideas cannot speak exactly for the existence of human beings, the universe or God. Thus, right and wrong are concepts that need to be experienced rather than described. This empirical understanding of the ideas of right and wrong is needed to have the clear picture of things. In the work An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding Hume discusses the origin and association of ideas. He distinguishes between impressions and ideas which will give us his notion of idea in general. Idea, for him, is livelier than impressions. Also, Hume talks about the train of thoughts, associating different ideas and explains the three kinds of relations between ideas. They are resemblance, contiguity in space-time, and cause-and-effect. Hume discusses the concepts of right and wrong and other related ideas of ethics, prolifically, in his A Treatise of Human Nature (1739). This is an expanded form of the discussions in the short essay An Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals. In an empirical way, Hume argues that the moral

Mesopotamia Case Essay Example for Free

Mesopotamia Case Essay HISTORY OF MESOPOTAMIAN RELIGION The name Mesopotamia, is a Greek name which means ‘the land between the rivers’, refers to the geographic region which lies near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and not to any particular civilization. The land of Mesopotamia is made fertile by the irregular and often violent flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. While these floods aided agricultural endeavors by adding rich silt to the soil every year, it took a tremendous amount of human labor to successfully irrigate the land and to protect the young plants from the surging flood waters. Given the combination of fertile soil and the need for organized human labor, perhaps it is not surprising that the first civilization developed in Mesopotamia. Sumerians were the first settlers in Sumeria. By c.3500 BCE, the Sumerians had developed many of the features that characterized subsequent civilizations. Cuneiform was a system of writing established by the Sumerians which became the dominant system of writing in Mesopotamia for over 2000 years. Mesopotamia is widely recognized as one of the regions in the Near East first experiencing the developmental transition to hydraulic and urban civilization, duly celebrated as a â€Å"cradle of civilization† and the eastern segment of the Fertile Crescent. Mesopotamian religion is the religious beliefs and practices of the Sumerians and Akkadians, which were noted the first developed civilizations and religions; and later of their successors, the Babylonians and Assyrians. (Lindemans, 2007). In general terms, it constitutes the greater part of what is now Iraq, eastern Syria, and south-eastern Turkey. The deities of Sumer were usually associated with aspects of nature, such as fertility of the fields and livestock. Among the most important of the many Mesopatamian gods were Anu, the god of heaven; Enki the god of water; and Enlil, the earth god. Deities were often associated with particular cities. Astral deities such as Shamash and Sin were also worshipped. The Mesopatamians are skilled astrologers who studied the movements of heavenly bodies. Priests also determined the will of the gods through the observation of omens, especially by reading the entrails of sacrificed animals. The king functioned as the chief priest, presiding at the new-year festival held in spring, when the kingship is renewed and the triumph of the deity over the powers of chaos was celebrated. In Mesopotamia, each city state had its own god who owned it, and although other gods were admitted, they were always subordinate to the city god. Everyone had to belong to a temple, whatever rank they had in society. If they belonged to the temple of Marduk, they considered themselves ‘the people of the God Marduk’. The god was the lord and the people served him as slaves or at least as servants. Part of everyone’s produce belonged to the god and had to be brought as a sacrifice. The land itself belonged to the god and had to be leased from him. God have never been any good at signing agreements so the contracts were signed on his behalf by the priests. The main festival in Mesopotamia was the New Year Festival held in spring or in autumn. Its significance was the renewal of the land through the sprouting of new buds or the end of the summer scorching. The Sumerian drama focused on Dumuzi or Tammuz, the creative power of Spring while the Goddess was Inanna, the fertility of nature. The drama went this way: the earth goddess conceived a handsome son who later became her lover and begat the next son – a ritual performed by the king and his consort or the head priest and priestess in a ritual coupling. The son died and everyone wailed but the new son was born and everyone rejoiced. In the tropics the vegetation died in the summer heat but in northern climates it died with the onset of frost, so the times were not necessarily the same. (Amytas, 2002) In an article of Sumerian Religion it was said that reincarnation is a concept suitable for Mesopotamians because it was so real and explicit that it was not worth reporting the striking obvious. The Mesopotamians, took painstaking notes of the coming of the sunrise and sunset every day, the return of the seasons, the planets and the stars, always revolving and returning to chartered points in the skies. Thus, they did believe that everything was cyclic, and probably considered life and death as such as well (cited in Adapa). MESOPOTAMIAN MYTHOLOGY The two following stories are one of the descent and ascent stories of Mesopotamian Religion (Amytas, 2002) Descents to the underworld are a constant theme in Mesopotamia and tell about the triumph of the spirit over desire, wrong doings or guilt. Descent stories always contain the warning that one should not venture to ‘the Land of No Return’, that the laws of ‘Great Below’ cannot be changed and it designs the foremost. Nevertheless, Inanna descended to meet Her other Self, the Great Judge and Queen of the Underworld, Ereshkigal, and She who is the Lover and Beloved resurfaced as the vision of triumphant humanity that transcends all deaths. Enlil descended after having raped Ninlil, who immediately took matters in her hands and went down after Him to conquer Her beloved back, achieving major growth along the process herself from maiden to Consort of Lord Air. Even Enlil, the most important of the young Anunnaki gods, had to undergo punishment for a terrible act in the most romantic and intense of all descent stories. However, Ninlil, as the Beloved and Hardest Judge Enlil could have ever had, flew after him for the rescue to bring him back to the Heights Above, to become Enlil’s partner in all levels. All of them faced awesome trials and returned back to the Heights after achieving much healing and growth. It is therefore clear that returns from the Underworld, despite all warnings against venturing over there, can be achieved, but only by the triumph of the spirit, by conquering one’s own weaknesses, by a necessary loss to achieve a major growth. In the myth of Adapa, Adap ascends to the Heavens to meet Anu so that he could justify himself in front of the Skyfather for having been disrespectful to the South Wind. Adapa is the proto-Solomon, the sage and the priest-king of Eridu. He refuses immortality to come back to the Middleworld instead of remaining with the Great Gods in the Great Above, as Anu had given him the opportunity to stay there by eating and drinking from the table of the gods. Adapa refuses the offering, because Enki, Adapa’s personal god, had warned him not to, if Adapa did not want to die. A possible experience for this passage is the following: in the end Adapa understood that he would have eventually eternal life after living a full life in the physical world, and not in the moment he had been offered the gift by Anu. He did not need eternal life when he was offered it by Anu, because he was needed on earth, he was the priest-king the foundation of the state which was being built in Eridu, the place where kingship descended from the heavens. Again, it is a Mesopatamian ascent story with a return, whose mystery show the cycle and the link between heaven and earth, the Great Above and the Great Below not as opposite worlds, but matching complements, in a never-ending cycle. PHOENICIAN LETTERS (Amytas, 2007) The Phoenician Letters is a piece of mystery teachings in a written form from a master to a devoted acolyte in the Mesopotamian tradition, a sort of retro-Caballa. It involves 10 letters, each involving a god/goddess (Rimon-Adad, Nabu, Ishtar, Nergal, Shamash, Marduk, Anu, Enlil, Ea-Enki, Sin-Nana) by the master to the acolyte exchanged during the period of two years. The letters cover the training of a future-priest king by a master kept unknown up to the last letter. The quotations on the chapter of Nergal on the next paragraph are about reincarnation, the Eternal Return. Notice that the piece of metal that is left from the burning of what should be burnt may refer to that part of matter in us that is primeval and without blemish, the seed of the Great Mother that they all carry within, represented by the metal attributions of Mesopotamians deities, or the imperishable in them, their Personal Gods. On Ishtar, â€Å"But Ishtar is all this and more. She is the reborn†¦Know, o Prince, that death is the source of life, life is the cause of death. Dumuzi her lover must die in order to live. She is the rhythm, and all rhythms have an end, this is death, all have a beginning (pages 34-35).   On Nergal: â€Å"There are many forms of heroism. There is that form that represents a magnificent stupidity, where the hero achieves nothing, saving neither his people nor his own life, but taking with him down into death as many of the enemy as possible. He will fight in the underworld that battle which he did not win, for it is sad that as a man dies, all that he has done is presented to him, to see if he regrets his actions or not. If he regrets and pines for the things that he failed to do or the errors he has made, then this is a weight he must carry into his next time of living (Lishtar’s emphasis). Herein is the tale of justice: the assessors of hell visit upon each man his crimes, and according as he loves them or hates them, he will be attracted to the same events, time without end, till the actions of his life be without blemish† (page 41). CREATION OF MAN (and WOMAN) SUMERIAN VERSION Enki, the Magician, and Ninhursag, the Earth Mother, create humankind from the fertile waters of the Abzu and a pinch of clay, breathing into the mix the spirit of a slain god. It is in the myth that the spirit of the slain god resonates in each and every being as a drumbeat, life force, to remind them of its sacrifice. According to Amytas, the myth was a wondrous metaphor that shows incarnation as a gift from Divine Consciousness bestowed upon all humankind, all that lives and breathes. The bond that was thus established between heaven and earth from the beginning of Sumerian religion, whereby from this moment on humankind is called upon to continue for the gods the workings of existence and faithful servants. This metaphor shows the truth all initiates have experiences from times immemorial. Spirit can only incarnate through love, the same way we can only ascend to the heights of religious and visionary experience by giving spiritual body to our soul’s design. Slain in this context may very well mean the necessary loss to achieve higher consciousness, the disrobing and vulnerability needed to enter both Great Above and the Depths Below enforced. Furthermore, the myth of the ‘Creation of Man and Woman’ can be interpreted according to the Sumerians as the never-ending miracle of spirit entering matter and for those of them who live their lives in the light of the Mesopotamian tradition. From the beginning of Sumerian Religion, from the creation of man and woman it is therefore present the everlasting bond between matter and spirit. As concluded by Amytas,† the part of us who belongs to the everlasting spirit will be then confronted by our life achievements and judged by the Annunaki of the Underworld. These deities will be the judges of our souls and decide when we are ready to return from the ‘Land of No Return’. It is for all these reasons that we suggest that the Eternal Return might have been a core understated principle of Mesopotamian religion.† THE BABYLON AND ITS PEOPLE Many scholars believe the first great historian, Herodotus, a Greek who traveled widely over the ancient world several centuries before the birth of Chris, visited the city of Babylon in its decline. He has left a description of the city but, because he could not speak Babylonian, his remarkable statements must come largely from the lips of the guides. The harvest was, Herodotus says, twice or thrice as bountiful as in other lands, the ears of wheat and barley growing to a phenomenal size. Rich groves of palm trees waved in the breeze all over the plain and so expert were the food growers that from the fruit of the palm they got bread, wine and honey. From their scattered villages they looked with pride toward Babel – the Greeks called it Babylon – or the gate of the God. They had no physician. Marriage, he says, was by purchase or auction sale. His most famous statement about the morals of ancient Babylon is to the effect that every woman had once in her life to prostitute herself in what Herodotus calls ‘the court of Venus’, meaning the court of the temple of the goddess Ishtar. There she was compelled to stand until some man threw her a coin, saying, â€Å"the goddess Mylitta prosper thee,† and taking her away to his couch. (Shirlie) On the contrary, in regard to its morals and its women he totally misunderstood his informants. There was no auction of wives in Babylon, and there was no such law as the prostitution of every woman at the temple of Ishtar. By that time, Ishtar was a patroness of virtue and the chief refuge of sinners. Women had in ancient Babylon a position of respect and prestige scarcely lower than they have won in modern times and the law of sexual purity was most drastically enforced upon both sexes. The Babylonian code of laws was compiled by King Hammurabi. This code was found carved on a black diorite column seven feet high in the ruins of Susa in 1901. A conqueror of Babylon about 1100 BC had stolen it and carried it off to the hills. On the upper part of it is a figure of Hammurabi in an attitude of worship before the sun-god, Shamash. The king says he made the code himself. Babylon, supposed to have been a sink of iniquity, in which chastity was unknown, an example followed the clauses of the next paragraph in the Hammurabi Code of four thousand years ago. MESOPOTAMIAN CONCEPTS OF DISEASE AND HEALING Mesopotamian diseases are often blamed on pre-existing spirits: gods, ghosts, etc. Each spirit corresponds or is responsible for a specific disease. For example, ‘Hand of God X’, of the stomach corresponds to what is called a disease of stomach. A number of diseases simply were identified by names, ‘bennu’ for example. Also it was recognized that various organs could simply malfunction causing illnesses. Mesopotamian uses plants as treatment for diseases although this cannot be relative for magical purposes. In addition, specific offerings are made to a particular god or ghost when it was considered to be a causative factor, but these offerings are not indicated in the medical texts, and must have been found in other texts. There two distinct types of professional medical practitioners in Mesopotamia, the ashipu known as the ‘sorcerer’ and the asu which may be referred to as the ‘physician’. The ashipu diagnoses the ailment. In the case of internal diseases, this most often meant that the ashipu determined which god or demon was causing the illness. The ashipu also attempted to determine if the disease was the result of some error or sin on the part of the patient. The phrase, â€Å"the Hand of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  was used to indicate the divine entity responsible for the ailment in question, who could then be propitiated by the patient. The ashipu could also attempt to cure the patient by means of charms and spells that were designed to entice away or drive out the spirit causing the disease. On the other hand, asu is the specialist in herbal remedies and deals with were often classifiable as empirical applications of medication. For example, when treating wounds the asu relied on three fundamental techniques: washing, bandaging and making plasters on which appear in the world’s oldest known medical document (c. 2100 BCE). CONCLUSION Mesopotamian religion in accordance with my research clearly implies that it is the foundation of many religions since, Sargon, who founded the Babylon and created the first Mesopotamian empire, lived over two thousand years before Christ and even a thousand years before the presumed time of Moses of the Christian bible. One example would be the comparison in the story of Moses: one of the clay tablets covered with the cuneiform writing of the Babylonians and Assyrians refers to Sargon, the great king. His mother bore him in secret. After the birth she made a little ark or boat of reeds or rushes, coated it with pitch, which is natural there. She placed the baby in it and she set it afloat on the river, doubtless expecting it to die but hoping it might be saved. The child was destined to be a mighty leader and the gods took care of him. A water-carrier found the ark and reared the child, until the goddess Ishtar saw and fell in love with the youth, and made him king over the land. To sum it all up, learning man’s history always is a very interesting subject, it’s like being transported to a different world where oneself could be alienated. For me it would not matter because the most important thing is that you have respect to all men regardless of their religion. Bibliography Williams, Tyler. Ideas of Origins and Creation in Ancient Mesopatamia. 2007 Lindemans, M.F. Mesopotamian Mythology. 2007 Amytas, Voluptua. Sumerian Religion and the Eternal Return. 2002 Shirlie. God or Goddess? The Son Gods. 1999 http://www.oriental.cam.ac.uk/jmc http://www.archaeowiki.org/Mesopotamia

Handspring SWOT Analysis :: Business

Handspring SWOT Analysis Strengths 1. Strong Board of Directors. Jeff Harkins, Donna Dubinsky, and Ed Colligan are considered industry leaders. In fact they had been credited with reviving the handheld computing industry. The Palm Pilot which they developed was the most successful product launch in computing history. 2. Good brand identity, strong reputation. By the summer of 2000, Handspring had a 40% market share. There was a four month backlog in orders when Handspring first entered market. 3. Integration of hardware and software for ease of use. Handspring had a license for the Palm operating system. Hawkins created what he called a â€Å"virtual company† to bring hardware design and manufacturing companies together to bring the product to market. Also unlike Palm, Handspring had their hardware and software developer working together to develop a communicator that addressed how people actually use their wireless devices. In developing the Treo, Handspring employed ethnographer who observed how people used their cell phones and PDAs. 4. A company with focused products. The Visor line was continued to have a large market share in the PDA user market. The Treo line was to focus on the increasing functionality by combine PDAs with Cell phone technology to become a communicator. 5. Convenience seen in all in one Treo product. Phone + organizer + e-mail + Web Weaknesses 1. Inability to differentiate from competitors. The Palm OS had been licensed to many companies and made up the lion’s share of the PDA business. All of the major competitors have the same OS. 2. Low expertise in other areas and functionality. A Strand Consulting report stated that handspring would have difficulty surviving the smart phone market because the lack experience in the mobile phone market. 3. Profit margins are shrinking despite an 18% increase in sales. This was a result of downward pricing pressures from an increasing amount of competitors. 4. Divided focus of Harkins. Harkins had recently formed the non-profit Redwood Neuroscience Institute to pursue his lifelong passion for brain research. This of course meant that he no longer 100% focus on Handspring. Opportunities 1. The handheld industry is still changing and currently no company is standing on stable ground. Handspring SWOT Analysis :: Business Handspring SWOT Analysis Strengths 1. Strong Board of Directors. Jeff Harkins, Donna Dubinsky, and Ed Colligan are considered industry leaders. In fact they had been credited with reviving the handheld computing industry. The Palm Pilot which they developed was the most successful product launch in computing history. 2. Good brand identity, strong reputation. By the summer of 2000, Handspring had a 40% market share. There was a four month backlog in orders when Handspring first entered market. 3. Integration of hardware and software for ease of use. Handspring had a license for the Palm operating system. Hawkins created what he called a â€Å"virtual company† to bring hardware design and manufacturing companies together to bring the product to market. Also unlike Palm, Handspring had their hardware and software developer working together to develop a communicator that addressed how people actually use their wireless devices. In developing the Treo, Handspring employed ethnographer who observed how people used their cell phones and PDAs. 4. A company with focused products. The Visor line was continued to have a large market share in the PDA user market. The Treo line was to focus on the increasing functionality by combine PDAs with Cell phone technology to become a communicator. 5. Convenience seen in all in one Treo product. Phone + organizer + e-mail + Web Weaknesses 1. Inability to differentiate from competitors. The Palm OS had been licensed to many companies and made up the lion’s share of the PDA business. All of the major competitors have the same OS. 2. Low expertise in other areas and functionality. A Strand Consulting report stated that handspring would have difficulty surviving the smart phone market because the lack experience in the mobile phone market. 3. Profit margins are shrinking despite an 18% increase in sales. This was a result of downward pricing pressures from an increasing amount of competitors. 4. Divided focus of Harkins. Harkins had recently formed the non-profit Redwood Neuroscience Institute to pursue his lifelong passion for brain research. This of course meant that he no longer 100% focus on Handspring. Opportunities 1. The handheld industry is still changing and currently no company is standing on stable ground.

On Dumpster Diving Review

In the article â€Å"On Dumpster Diving†, Eighner states â€Å"After all, the finding of objects is becoming something of an urban art† (455). This shows Eighner is not embarrassed about this practice because it really is meaningful and helps him to survive. Although this art is view for so many people as disgusting, after reading this article and analyzing it, dumpster diving involve certain skills, knowledge and values that makes me think when using them, dumpster diving is a whole different thing than just a nasty practice. I can recall the times I threw good food, supplies and even clothes that I thought were not useful or simply I did not like anymore, and regret it because it makes me feel like the type of college students Eighner mentions in his writing. â€Å"To live in the streets I must anticipate my needs to a certain extent: I must pick up and save warm bedding I find in August because it will not be found in Dumpsters in November† (406). It is incredible how people like us with our hands full of privileges call some things garbage while for those that lack of them have to take advantage to sustain their lives in the present and the future. Now, I am certain that my trash will look different, or otherwise it will make me feel bad since I know someone else might want that piece of bread or need that pair of shoes. As I read over and over Eighner’s lines he looks wiser to me. He emphasizes the value of things and how anything becomes useful, or in other words sustainability â€Å"†¦ things of interest turn up every day and some days are finds of great value. I personally think the main point of this writing is to open people’s eyes and see how we do not appreciate anything around us, and not only the material stuff but also our environment and community. We do not take care of our natural resources and waste them as if they were infinite, we do the same with our things, we stereotype people without t hinking that every single person in different. And if all together put a little of interest and work toward our community, it would make sustainability easier.

3D printing revolution in fashion industry

AD Printing Revolution in Fashion Industry Last week, I went to London Science museum, there was an exhibition of AD printing showing the completely new image of fashion in the coming 20 years. AD printing has been developing rapidly, now it is way more than printing plastic. It prints something that I cannot even believe: structural thing like house, complicated thing like gun, huge thing like rare plane and guess what, lively tissue. As AD printing becomes more mainstream, its applications are broadening (Rachel 2013).It started to hit the roll of fashion, besides AD printed handbags, dresses, we can see AD printed high- heel shoes and bikinis in the latest fashion shows. As Stephanie (2014) mentioned, the mix of apparel and technology shows the innovative soul of fashion, the future of fashion is truly tricked out with AD printing technology. As this evolution continues we can expect to see a AD printing revolution in our fashion industry. In the following sections, this essay is going to illustrate the revolution in production, supply chain and design aspects.Beginning with the first step of manufacture, production method in fashion field will e totally changed. According to some researches, 10% of all consumer products by the year 2025 will be made by the AD process. Richard (2013) discussed that since applications of the technology spread and prices decrease, more products will be manufactured at their location of purchase or consumption. Indeed, consumers will be printing their own clothing by 2020, according to inventor and futurist Ray Skuzzier (Tanya 2013). This implies that new household-level production will emerge.On top of it, production will no longer includes labor force, capital, natural resources, UT only the printing machines, raw materials and programs which lead a huge reform. Based on the change of production method, the supply chain will eventually be modified. â€Å"The world will transform from a macro-manufactured supply chain to a mi cro-manufactured supply chain or what is known as distributed manufacturing† (Nick 2014). Whereas cars today are made by Just a few hundred factories around the world, they might one day be made in every metropolitan area.The supply chain is going to be shortened as only machines and programs are involved, the whole supply chain may even only appear in our home. As the supply chain will undergo a makeover, certain categories of business will be eliminated. Countries will rather do domestic production than import since production will no longer require so much labors and places, shipping, delivery and inventory service will then go downhill. Before, the Internet technology has already overturned many traditional business models, so now the AD printing technology is going to revolute the fashion industry into a new era.Nature of design will be adjusted due the altered producing methods. Customization of goods is more significant due to maker can simply adjust the aerogramme (Ric hard 2013). As AD printing can solve some practicable problems of creative products, so it actually encourages the creativity in meeting individuals' need. The Job of designer will change as they have to know well about technology and design the products with programmer, or even, everyone can become a designer.What Rachel (2013) mentioned is this kind of intersection of fashion and technology can give everyone access to creativity. People will be designing clothes for themselves which they know their size and style the best, so they can create personalized clothing. If you do not want to spend time on making your own AD printing programmer, you can simply buy it online as what we are doing for music file, consumers would pay a fee to download and print the renderings, Ideas may eventually never produce sportswear, but simply sell the format to print Jersey and sneaker.Due to this, keen competition between the brands will be stronger, millions of designers are compete to produce a tr emendous variety of objects. Some researchers start to doubt whether AD printing will be widely spread since customized products may be more expensive than traditional mass-produced goods, ND spend longer time as well (Ashley 2010). And actually, since the technology is improving and supply increased, according to the scale of economy, the price of machine and materials for printing are eventually dropping.CNN did an experiment in 2013 that compared buying 20 items like phone case, spoon holder to the cost of printing them out directly. The result is, it took 25 hours to print all the objects and they saved up to $1926, depending on the quality of the comparable retail products. So we can definitely imagine all the time cost and price will be reducing by 2020. As what Nick (2014) pointed out, we are at the beginning of a revolution that will transform our society in ways we can't even imagine.

The 54 Best Engineering Scholarships

The 54 Best Engineering Scholarships SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you have the brains and passion to become an engineer, but are worried about the cost of the education? The following list of scholarships will show you that you have nothing to fear. Students of all backgrounds will find that there is an engineering scholarship out there for students like them that will help to make that seemingly unaffordable education slightly more palatable. Read on to see what engineering scholarships you may be eligible for! There are hundreds of engineering scholarships out there. Many are aimed at certain students- those interested in a particular school, of a certain ethnic background, or a specific gender. As you can see, students from all walks of life are interested in pursuing degrees and careers in engineering. Not only can a degree in engineering lead you into a high-paying job after graduation, but these degrees help place you and the country at the forefront of technological innovations. Because of this, there are many engineering scholarships available, sponsored both by private organizations and the national government. The scholarships on this list are aimed at graduating high school seniors and college undergraduates. They are also aimed at US citizens or permanent residents, and are open to almost all students studying engineering in accredited programs, with the main restrictions being location and grade level. There are many other engineering scholarships available that are specifically targeted at underrepresented groups in this field, such as women, minorities, and international students- but they won’t be found on this list. We will create separate lists later for those specific categories. In this article, I will cover many of the prominent engineering scholarships, as well as others that you may not have heard of before. You'll find them in the following categories: General Engineering Scholarships Mechanical Engineering Scholarships Civil Engineering Scholarships Aerospace Engineering Scholarships Nuclear Engineering Scholarships Keep in mind that this list is not comprehensive. There are hundreds of engineering and STEM scholarships out there. If you still don’t see one on this list that seems right for you, don’t despair. Try searching for what you're looking for- there is a good chance that it’s out there! Engineering Scholarships for High School Students High school is a great time to start working on getting financially prepared for college. While many of the scholarships listed below are only for students who have already started their degrees, a number of them are open to high school seniors who know they want to focus on engineering. The scholarships that are marked with an asterisk (*) are open for applications by high school students. General Engineering Scholarships These scholarships usually stipulate that you need to be in an engineering or related degree (like information technology), but do not specify what field of engineering you need to be in to be eligible. Astronaut Scholarship Foundation Students must be nominated by faculty for this $10,000 award. Students must be majoring in engineering, natural or applied sciences, or math, and intend to do research or get an advanced degree after graduation. Students should be at least undergraduate sophomores who have done lab work and research, and have excellent grades. They should also show initiative, creativity, and excellent in their field of choice. You do NOT need to be planning on becoming an astronaut. Students must be attending one of the following schools: Brown University, Clemson University, Florida Institute of Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Harvey Mudd College, Louisiana State University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Miami University of Ohio, North Carolina State University, North Dakota State University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, Purdue University, Syracuse University, Texas AM University, Tufts University, University of Arizona, University of Central Florida, University of Chicago, University of Colorado, University of Kansas, University of Kentucky, University of Michigan, University of Minnesota, University of Oklahoma, University of Rochester, University of Southern California, University of Texas at Austin, University of Virginia, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin, or Washington University in St. Louis. ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers) Scholarships ASHRAE awards several scholarships to students studying engineering degrees that could lead to work in the heating, air conditioning, ventilation, or refrigeration fields, at many grade levels. Students have to submit one application and they will be considered for the scholarships they are eligible for. To be eligible you should have a GPA of at least 3.0 and be in the top 30% of your class, and be enrolled in or planning to enroll in an accredited engineering program. The application includes a cover letter, statement about your finances, essays, three letters of recommendation, and ASHRAE student membership. *High School Senior Scholarship: $3,000 non-renewable. Deadline: May 1st. Undergraduate Engineering Scholarships: Deadline November 15th. Includes two $10,000 scholarships, eight $5,000 scholarships, and one $3,000 scholarship. ASHRAE Region IV Chapter (Including students in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia): $5,000. Deadline December 1st. ASHRAE Region III Chapter (Including students in Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Washington D.C.): $3,000. Deadline November 15th. ASHRAE Region VIII Chapter (Including students in Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, and Mexico): $3,000. Deadline November 15th. ASCO Numatics Industrial Automation Engineering Scholarship Two $5,000 scholarships will be awarded to engineering students based on their potential for leadership and making a difference in the engineering and automation professions, particularly related to the application of fluid control and fluid power technologies. Students must have completed their sophomore year in college and winners are not eligible for future scholarships. The application deadline and procedure changes every year. *BMW/SAE Engineering Scholarship This annual scholarship is provided by BMW. You must be a US resident, with a GPA of 3.75 or higher and have scores in the 90th percentile or above on both the Math and Critical Reading sections of the SAT or ACT. You must be pursuing an engineering or related science degree. One recipient each year will receive $1,500. The prize can be renewed for up to three additional years for a total of $6,000. The deadline is January 15th. David Hermance Hybrid Technologies Scholarship This scholarship is available to college sophomores who are pursuing an engineering or related degree, and who have a GPA of 3.5 or better. The application deadline is February 15th. *Ford Partnership for Advanced Studies Scholarship Current high school seniors who have a GPA of 3.0 or above and have scores in or above the 90th percentile on the SAT or ACT are eligible for this scholarship. You should be planning to pursue a BA or AA in engineering or technology, and you should be a past or present student of a Ford Next Generation Learning Community, or a past or present student of an afterschool, weekend, summer or college or Ford Partnership for Advanced Studies program. There’s no need to apply- if you’re eligible, you’ll by selected by your Ford Next Generation Learning Community. Recipients will be selected and notified by the end of June. One $5,000 award is given every year. *Edward D. Hendrickson Engineering Scholarship In order to be eligible for this scholarship, you should be a US resident with a GPA of at least 3.75 and SAT or ACT scores in the 90th percentile or above. You’ll also have to be pursuing an engineering or related science degree. One student will be awarded $5,000 every year, and the awards are renewable for 3 more years for a total of $20,000. Applications are due on January 15th. *Donald and Barbara Mozley Scholarship This scholarship is open to high school seniors as well as college students pursuing degrees in engineering. You should have a GPA of 3.5 or better, SAT math score of 600 or above and critical reading of 550 or above, or an ACT composite score of 27 or above. You’ll also need to be able to show financial need through a completed FAFSA form, and have a letter of recommendation. Up to seven awards of $5,000 per year will be granted. You are eligible to win the award more than one year, but you will have to re-apply each time. The deadline is January 15th. *Han P. Loewen Scholarship The American Nuclear Society awards this $2,000 scholarship to a high school senior or college freshman or sophomore who is enrolled in a STEM degree. You will have to submit an essay about your leadership qualities and how you help others to meet their goals. You will need to be a member of the ANS in order to be eligible for this award. The application deadline is Feburay 1st. *The Maintenance Council of American Trucking Associations Donald D. Dawson Technical Scholarship Applicants should be US Residents with a GPA of at least 3.25 (high school) or 3.0 (students transferring from accredited 4-year universities) or 3.5 (students transferring from technical/vocational schools) who are going to pursue degrees in engineering or a related science. You should also have an SAT math score of 600 or above and critical reading score of 550 or above, or a composite ACT score of 27 or above. One award of $1,500 will be granted every year. The deadline is January 15th. Professional Engineers in Industry Scholarship Application Applicants for this award must be sponsored by a member of the National Society of Professional Engineers, and preference will be given to children, relatives, and dependents of NSPE members. You should have completed at least two semesters of an undergraduate engineering program before you apply. *Fred M. Young Sr. Engineering Scholarship This scholarship is for students pursuing engineering degrees who have a GPA of 3.75 or better and at least 90th percentile scores on the SAT or ACT. One scholarship of $1,000 per year. It is renewable for up to three years, for a total of $4,000. Deadline is January 15th. *Tau Beta Pi Scholarship This scholarship is for high school seniors who are US residents who have a GPA of 3.75 or higher, and scores in at least the 90th percentile on either the SAT or ACT. They should be pursuing degrees in engineering or a related science. Six scholarships will be given each year that are worth $1,000. The deadline is January 15th. Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute Engineering/Geology Scholarship College sophomores and juniors are eligible for this scholarship. You should be a US citizen and legal resident of Arizona, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Texas, Utah, or Wyoming. You’ll need to be pursuing a degree in engineering or a mining-related field, and have an interest in Western coal as a career path. One award of $2,750 will be given to a student from each state listed (8 awards total). The award can be renewed for a second year. The application deadline is February 1st. SAE Long Term Member Sponsored Scholarship College juniors (who are engineering majors) who have been active supporters of SAE should apply for this award. Several $1,000 scholarships will be given every year. The application deadline is February 15th. William R. Kimel, P.E., Engineering Scholarship College juniors living and attending school in either Kansas or Missouri can apply for this scholarships. You should have a high GPA, internships and extracurricular activities, and honors or awards in engineering. You will have to submit an application form, resume, transcript, and two letters of recommendation, as well as an essay. The award is $2,500 and the deadline is March 1st. Paul H. Robbins, P.E., Honorary Scholarship Rising college juniors majoring in engineering are eligible for this award. You will need to be a member of the National Society of Professional Engineers, have a high GPA, internships and extracurricular involvement, honors and awards dating back to your senior year of high school, and be able to write a strong essay about what your engineering career goals are and how you arear going to achieve them. You will need to submit an application, transcript, resume, and two recommendation letters from professors. The deadline is March 1st. Awards are up to $10,000. The Steinman Scholarship The Steinman Scholarship is awarded to two rising juniors every year. You should have a high GPA, strong internships and extracurricular activities, and strong faculty recommendations. You will have to submit a completed application form, a resume of your activities and work experience, at least one recommendation letter (more is better), a transcript, and a 500-word essay on the importance of ethics in engineering. The awards are for $5,000 and the application deadline is March 1st. Yanmar Scholarship This scholarship is for college juniors who are getting an engineering degree and are taking courses related to the conservation of energy in transportation, agriculture, and construction, and power generation. They are particularly interested in research and study on internal combustion engines. Applicants will be judged on their academic performance, areas of study and research, awards, and leadership. One award of $1,000 will be given each year and may be renewed for one year. The application deadline is March 15th. *West Virginia Engineering, Science and Technology Scholarship Program This program is intended to help West Virginian students pursue careers in engineering. You should have a GPA of at least 3.0 from high school or your first two semesters in college, be enrolled or planning to enroll in an engineering or related science program. And agree to work full-time in an engineering job in West Virginia for at least one year per number of years you receive the award. Instead of work, you can also begin an engineering or science community service program. Students can win up to $3,000 per year. Mechanical Engineering Scholarships These scholarships are specifically for students who are getting a degree in mechanical engineering. *ASHRAE Scholarships for Mechanical Engineering ASHRAE awards several scholarships to students studying engineering degrees that could lead to work in the heating, air conditioning, ventilation, or refrigeration fields, at many grade levels. Students have to submit one application and they will be considered for the scholarships they are eligible for. To be eligible you should have a GPA of at least 3.0 and be in the top 30% of your class, and be enrolled in or planning to enroll in an accredited engineering program. The application includes a cover letter, statement about your finances, essays, three letters of recommendation, and ASHRAE student membership. The J. Richard Mehalick Scholarship is available for undergrad mechanical engineering students at the University of Pittsburgh. The award is $3,000 and the deadline is December 1st. The David C. J. Peters Scholarship is available to a full-time mechanical engineering undergraduate student at one of the following universities: CSU Chico, CSU San Diego, CSU Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, CSU Cal Maritime, CSU Long Beach, Pennsylvania State University, North Carolina State University, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (aka Virginia Tech), Clemson University, University of Nebraska at Lincoln or Omaha, University of Nevada at Las Vegas or Reno, Oklahoma State University, and University of Texas at Austin. The Minnesota, New Jersey, and Central New York ASHRAE Chapters each award $3,000 to an undergraduate mechanical engineering student within their geographical boundaries. The award is $5,000 and the deadline is November 15th. *Dan and Vicky Hancock Scholarship for Mechanical Engineering Excellence Applicants should be high school seniors or above who have a GPA of at least 3.5 and SAT mqath schore of 600, critical reading score of 500 or above, or ACT composite scores of 27 or above. You should be pursuing a mechanical engineering or related science degree. For the application you will need to include a completed FAFSA form and two letters of recommendation. One award of $5,500 will be given every year. You are eligible to win the award multiple years, but you will need to reapply each year. The deadline is March 15th. Ralph K. Hillquist Honorary SAE Scholarship College juniors who are studying mechanical engineering or an automotive-related engineering discipline can apply for this scholarships. They particularly are interested in students who show interest in areas related to noise and vibration, such as statics, dynamics, vibration, and physics. The award will be based on academic performance and leadership activities, as well as any special honors in the field. Every year an award of $1,000 will be given. The application deadline is March15th. *Lucy and Charles W. E. Clarke Scholarship This scholarship is for high school seniors who have been active on a FIRST FTC (tech challenge_ or FIRST FRC (robotics competition) team and are planning on enrolling in a mechanical engineering degree. Students will need to be nominated by an active ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) member. The application includes the nomination letter, a resume with your GPA and extra curricular activities, a transcript, evidence of financial need, and a letter of recommendation about your technical, creative, and leadership contributions to your FIRST team. Multiple awards of $5,000 will be given each year. The deadline is March 31st. Kenneth Andrew Roe Scholar This $13,000 scholarship is available to mechanical engineering students in their junior or senior year of college. Applicants must be members of ASME, and will be judged on their grades, character, leadership, integrity, and potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering profession. The deadline is March 1st. ASME Foundation Scholar This renewable scholarship is available to college sophomores, juniors, and seniors who are getting degrees in mechanical engineering and have a minimum GPA of 3.5. You will need a letter of recommendation from an ASME member, and you will need to maintain your GPA in order for the reward to be renewable. The deadline is March 1st. Garland Duncan Scholarship Up to two $5,000 awards will be given to mechanical engineering juniors or seniors who demonstrate financial need. Winners will be selected based on leadership, academic ability, and potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering field. The deadline is March 1st. Willis F. Thompson Memorial Scholarship This scholarship is awarded to a sophomore, junior, or senior mechanical engineering undergrad who is a member of ASME and is also able to demonstrate an interest in the field of power generation. Up to three winners will be given $4,500 based on their academic achievements and potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering profession. Melvin R. Green Scholarship This scholarship will be given to two students in their junior or senior year based on financial need. You should also show leadership, academic achievement, potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering field. Applicants will need to be ASME members. The award is for $4,000 and the application deadline is March 1st. American Electric Power Scholarship This scholarship is given to ASME members who are juniors or seniors in college. You should be abelt to show an interest in power engineering. Preference will be given to students who are studying in Arkansas, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, or West Virginia. The award is for $4,000 and the application deadline is March 1st. William and Marijane E. Adams, Jr. Scholarship This scholarship is given to a sophomore, junior, or senior student who is a member of ASME and can demonstrate financial need. You should be attending college in California, Hawaii or Nevada, and have a special interest in product design and development. You will need a minimum GPA of 2.5. The award is for $3,000 and the deadline is March 1st. ASME Power Division Scholarship This scholarship is for a sophomore, junior or senior ASME member who is particularly interested in fuels, combustion, or the power industry. Students will be judged based on financial need, academic ability, and the potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering profession. The award is for $3,000 and the deadline is March 1st. F.W. Beichley Scholarship This scholarship is for a junior or senior ASME student. Students will be judged based on leadership, integrity, character, financial need, academic ability, and the potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering profession. The award is for $3,000 and the deadline is March 1st. Stephen T. Kugle Scholarship This scholarship is for a junior or senior ASME member who attends a public college in Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas (except for the University of Texas at Arlingon), Utah or Wyoming. Students will need to have at least a 3.0 GPA and be a US citizen by birth. The award is for $3,000 and the deadline is March 1st. Allen J. Baldwin Scholarship, Berna Lou Cartwright Scholarship, Sylvia W. Farny Scholarship, Agnes Malakate Kezios Scholarship, Charles B. Scharp Scholarship These scholarship are for a junior ASME student. These scholarships can only be used to fund the final (senior) year of studies. Up to ten awards total for $3,000 will be given and the deadline is March 1st. John Rice Memorial Scholarship ASME Metropolitan Section This scholarship is for a junior or senior ASME member who attends one of the following universities: City College/CUNY, College of Staten Island, Columbia University, Cooper Union, Manhattan College, NYC Technology College of City University, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, SUNY/Maritime College. Students will be judged based on academic ability, leadership, integrity, character, and the potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering profession. The award is for $3,000 and the deadline is March 1st. John Elsa Gracik Scholarship and ASME Foundation Hanlet Scholarship Up to 11 awards of $2,500 will be given to students who are freshmen, sophomores, juniors, or seniors pursuing degrees in mechanical engineering and are members of ASME. Students will be judged on academic ability, financial need, character, leadership, and potential contributions to the mechanical engineering profession. The application deadline is March 1st. Marcus N Bressler Memorial Scholarship This scholarship is for a junior or senior ASME member who is particularly interested in industries using or manufacturing pressure vessels and related components. Students will be judged based on academic ability, and the potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering profession. The award is for $2,500 and the deadline is March 1st. Frank Dorothy Miller Scholarship This scholarship is for a sophomore, junior or senior ASME members. Students will be judged based on character, integrity, leadership, academic ability, and the potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering profession. Up to two awards for $2,000 will be given, and the deadline is March 1st. Allen Rhodes Memorial Scholarship This scholarship is for a sophomore, junior or senior ASME member who is particularly interested in the oil and gas industry. Students will be judged based on academic ability and the potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering profession. Preference will be given to students who are enrolled at Villanova University. The award is for $2,000 and the deadline is March 1st. Civil Engineering Scholarships These scholarships are specifically for students interested in pursuing a career in civil engineering. Charles Tiney Memorial ASCE Student Chapter Scholarship College freshmen through seniors who are enrolled in a civil engineering or related program, and are also members of an ASCE Student Chapter, can apply for this award. You will have to turn in a completed application form, a personal statement about why the student should receive the award (including talking about financial need), a detailed financial plan, transcript, resume, and at least two letters of recommendation. The award amount varies annually. The deadline is March 1st. CI Construction Engineering Student Scholarship Available to students who are freshmen, sophomores, or juniors, and are enrolled in a civil engineering program with a concentration in construction engineering or construction management. Students should be members of either the Construction Institute or ASCE National, and be in good standing. You will need to submit transcripts as proof of good academic standing, as well as three reference letters either from professors or professional internships. You will be expected to write a statement about your professional goals after graduation, and also include a resume that highlights your professional, research, and leadership positions. The award is renewable for two years (a total of three years). The amount varies based on the funds available and the student’s financial circumstances. The deadline for applications is April 1st. Eugene C. Figg, Jr. Civil Engineering Scholarship This scholarship is available to college juniors or seniors who are enrolled in civil engineering degree programs and who are interested in bridge design and construction. You should be a student member of the American Society of Civil Engineers in good standing. You’ll have to complete an application, write a statement about your interest in bridge design, a financial statement about how you will use the award as well as an annual budget, official transcripts, a resume, and a minimum of two letters of recommendation. The award amount varies but is usually around $3,000. The deadline to apply is February 10th. John Lenard Civil Engineering Scholarship A maximum of two awards per year will be given to sophomore, junior, or senior college students who are focusing their engineering degrees around water supply or environmental engineering. You have to be majoring in civil engineering to be eligible, and also be a student member of the American Society of Civil Engineers. You will need to submit a completed application form, a personal statement detailing why you should receive the scholarship, including your financial need and plans for your education, an essay on how civil engineering can improve the environment, official transcripts, a resume, and at least two letters of recommendation. The amount of the award depends on available funds but is usually around $2,000. This scholarship is NOT renewable, but you may apply for and win it more than once. The deadline is February 10th. Lawrence W. and Francis W. Cox Scholarship College sophomores, juniors, and seniors who are in a civil engineering program can apply for this scholarship. You should be a student member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and be in good standing. You will have to submit a completed application form, along with a personal essay about why you want to become a civil engineer and how you have participated in the ASCE, a detailed annual budget, official transcripts, a resume, and a minimum of two sealed recommendation letters. The award amount varies. Though it is not renewable, you are able to apply for and win the scholarship more than once. The deadline is February 10th. Robert B. B. and Josephine N. Moorman Scholarship Another scholarship open to college sophomores, juniors, and seniors who are majoring in civil engineering, this award is given to one student annually and is not renewable. You will need to complete an application form, a personal essay of 500 words about why you want to become a civil engineer and your long-term goals, a detailed annual budget, transcripts, a resume, and two recommendation letters. The award is usually around $2,000. The application deadline is February 10th. Samuel Fletcher Tapman ASCE Student Chapter Scholarship This scholarship is awarded to a maximum of 12 students every year who are college sophomores, juniors, or seniors. You’ll need to be pursuing a degree in civil engineering, and be a member of your local ASCE student chapter in good standing. To apply you will have to fill out an application form, write a personal statement about why you should get the award and your plans for your education, a brief financial statement about how you will finance your education if you get the award, an official transcript, a resume, and at least two letters of recommendation. The awards are of $3,000. It’s not renewable but you can apply and win more than once. The deadline for applications is February 10th. Aerospace Engineering Scholarships If aerospace engineering is your thing, read on! Vertical Flight Foundation Scholarship This scholarship is for students who are in at least their second semester at an engineering school who are interested in a career in aircraft engineering. You will have to complete an application form (including a personal statement about your academics and interest in rotorcraft or VTOL engineering), and also send a resume, transcript, and at least one letter of recommendation. Several awards are given each year, ranging from $1,000 - $5,000. The application deadline is February 1st. AIAA Scholarships The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics gives out several scholarships every year for college students who have completed at least one semester of college in aerospace engineering or a related science. Applicants must have a GPA of 3.3 or higher, be AIAA student members, and have to use the scholarship for academic expenses. Rewards are not renewable, but students may apply for and win these scholarships multiple times. Students will be judged on their academic achievements, career goals (assessed in a 500-1000 word essay), three recommendation letters, and extracurricular activities. The deadline for these scholarships is January 31st. Wernher von Braun Scholarship: $5,000 George and Vicki Muellner Scholarship for Aerospace Engineering: $5,000 David and Catherine Thompson Space Technology Scholarship: $5,000 Space Transportation Scholarship: $1,500 Liquid Propulsion Scholarship: $2,500 Leatrice Gregory Pendray Scholarship: $1,500 Digital Avionics Scholarship: $2,000 *Olin E. Teague Scholarship The National Space Club offers this scholarship to encourage young people to pursue degrees in aerospace fields. High school seniors are eligible to apply. You will need to submit your high school transcript, at least one letter of recommendation, a statement about your academic plans that could lead to a career in aerospace sciences and technology, and a research paper at least 3 pages long. The award is for $4,000 and the application deadline is October 12th. Nuclear Engineering Scholarships *American Nuclear Society Incoming Freshman Scholarship This scholarship is for high school seniors who are going to enroll full-time in a nuclear engineering program. Consideration will be given to high school academics, freshman courses that you have chosen, letters of recommendation, and a 500-word essay. Four awards will be given of $1,000. The application deadline is February 1st. The Kent Hamlin Memorial Scholarship This scholarship is for students pursing an associate degree (2 year degree) and who are interested in the nuclear power industry. You should show an interest in and commitment to a career in the industry. NEED Scholarship Award for Community College and Trade School If you are currently in community college but are hoping to transfer to a four year university to study nuclear engineering, this scholarship is for you. Two awards of $2,000 will be given. The application deadline is February 1st. ANS Undergraduate Scholarships If you have completed at least one year of a nuclear engineering degree, you are eligible for several undergraduate scholarships offered by the ANS. ANS gives out over 20 scholarships of $2,000. The application deadline is February 1st. What's Next? Interested in getting a head start on some computer engineering before college? Learn about what the JavaScript TypeOf Function is and how it works here. Make sure that you stay on top of your high school GPA while taking rigorous classes to be considered for these kinds of scholarships. You should also know how to get a high score on the SAT and ACT to be eligible for these engineering scholarships. 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