Daniel C. Smith , Teacher Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Daniel C. Smith , Teacher - Case Study Example He entered into a discussion with the talk show host about teaching the African history in his class during the black history month. Procedural history The case was authored in the United States Supreme Court. This is where the proceedings started and the decision was made. The decision made was based on a motion summary of the judgment. The case was decided after all the evidence and interpolation of all constitutional issues were interpreted and considered in the case. Issues After the case was put before the judges several witnesses and information concerning the case was produced. He was given a chance to prove his case. School superintendent testified that he received a call from his secretary about calls that were being made into a radio show about a statement made by one of the teachers. The comments were about a banner hanged that read, â€Å"200 years of United States history, 2000 years of African history† the teacher continued and added his comments to â€Å"in 200 years we went to the moon. After 2000 years they are still urinating in the drinking and bathing water.† The superintendent responded to one of the messages from a group called Media watchdog. The group said it had a recording of the telephone conversation made to the radio show but they could not identify the caller. Daniel, who was later on identified as the caller, was given a chance to respond to the claims. ... In this case, there are two conflicting rules that are supposed to be considered. The constitution of the United States advocates for freedom of speech, while the ethics of public servants are asked to carry themselves with decor. The court will also look at the impact that the remarks had on the community. In addition, the intention of the remark will be a focus point. The court will try to make its decisions while considering all these facts. Analysis The court has heard all the comments and arguments from both sides. The court has heard what Mr. Daniels had to say about the accusations before the court he has been given to respond to the accusations. The remarks made that â€Å"in 200 years we went to the moon. After 2000 years they are urinatinging and drinking water†, are at the center of the case. These remarks were made in reference to the Africa history month. In making its decision the court will consider the repercussions that the remarks have in the community. The c onstitution is clear on how such malicious remarks should be treated. The respondent is a civil servant does not allow him to make sue constitution freedom approach is guaranteed responsibility. Such remarks can cause unrest in the county. The comments attracted a lot of attention from the media and other centers. This could affect a lot the subsa1tantive due process of the case. Many views on how the case should go were aired. On February 10, 2002, a concerned citizen wrote a letter the governor of the state. The letter was written by Mrs. C. Scott is protesting the treatment of Mr. Daniel. She stated that Mr. Daniel was simply exercising his freedom of speech. She demanded an investigation to be done about the case. On February 12, 2002, a board

Job Losses Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Job Losses - Case Study Example To give the senior management a feel of the new operational scenario, they were asked to work in these combination stores. Many outlets were closed down as a consolidation drive. Reasons for the above actions The company felt that their present staff strength in the support function areas was enough to take up the consolidated workload. Mrs Field’s always believed in the philosophy that keeping high employee strength diverts the attention of the employees from processes and operations to employee management which causes inefficiencies to creep into the system. Hence, only indispensable employees of the previous organization were kept. This makes a logical sense as the support functions usually add to the administrative cost and hence reduce operating margins. R&D and operations of the acquired company are the functions where Mrs Field’s employees would not have any expertise. Hence, it is imperative to keep the experts of these functions so as to understand the technica lities of operations and products and carry out a smooth merger of the two entities. New store designs were also required because the company plans to sell both products from the same outlets as this merger is considered to be a logical extension of the previous business. Using the same facility for both the products will also provide economies of scale to the company as Mrs Field’s already has a store structure which has the baking area just behind the service area. Some modifications (if required) can be made for baking the new products within the same facilities. The facilities added from LPB act as outlets to reach out to the new market segment of LPB. Thus, there will be a synergistic effect from the merger of outlets. Asking senior management to work on the shop floor will help them acclimatise themselves with the new environment which will further help them in understanding the pros and cons of the new situation for better future planning. Views as an LPB store manager at this time As an LPB store manager I would be very much worried about my job security. Looking at the way support functions of LPB were integrated, with just 5.67% of the staff retained, the situation does not look very promising. However, one positive aspect of this retention policy is the fact that employees with expertise in areas not known to Mrs Field’s employees have been retained. Since at present both operations at the store level have to be merged, inputs of LPB store managers would definitely be required as the acquiring company’s managers would not understand the nuances of the business. Thus, in the near future, there is some amount of job security depending on one’s performance standing before the merger. It is understood that only the best performing store managers, who are perceived to be well acquainted with the business, will be retained. But after that, it depends on how well the LPB managers are able to gel with the new work culture and cre ate a niche for themselves.

Roles And Responsibilities Of The Project Manager Construction Essay

Roles And Responsibilities Of The Project Manager Construction Essay As defined by Field and Keller (2007) Project management is the discipline of planning, organising, securing, managing, leading and controlling resources to achieve a specific outcome or outcomes during a defined time period and given resource constraints. It is a temporary endeavour which has a defined beginning and end which is aimed at achieving a set of specific goals and objectives. Elenbass (2000) has showed that achieving the project goals and objectives within the given time, schedule and cost constraints are the primary challenge of the project management. Hence the project managers must attempt to utilise the resources efficiently and effectively to meet the pre-defined standards of performance and to optimise the productivity of the resources. The aim of this assignment is to identify certain projects to achieve two main business objectives for the financial year of a large manufacturing organisation which has employed over 1250 employees including the office staff and factory workers; to reduce the movement of staff from the premises during the lunch break and to help the staff to develop a healthy life style as a part of the CSR of the entity and to reduce the absenteeism accordingly. Hence at the beginning of the paper several projects will be identified that are suggested to be feasible to implement to achieve these particular objectives. Then a specific project was selected and carried out the fundamental project management functions such as elaborated the and assess it for feasibility, cost and time management, select appropriate project methodology, establishing an appropriate management, administrative structure and etc. Task 01: Identifying Specific Projects There are two main objectives of that have to be achieved during the current financial year; Reducing the movement of staff from the companys premises during the ,lunch break which has created an issue overcrowding the local area Assist the companys staff to develop a healthy life style as a part of the policy of the organisation In order to achieve these objectives following factors should be considered before determining suitable projects; There are more than 1250 office staff and factory staff who have been employed in the company The staffs has been assigned with the range of different roles The offices and factory buildings are spread across an extensive area The is no existing catering services for the office staff or the factory workers Accordingly the company has been faced with the need for developing a proper plans and programs to reduce the matters relating to the movement of the employees during the lunch break and overcrowding the premises and closure area (Case Study). Hence author suggested that following alternative projects can be considered to address these issues and to achieve the above mentioned objectives; Setting up a separate building to providing catering services for the employees of the company Setting up a separate building to take the lunch and tea without providing the catering services at the premises Setting up a separate building and buy-in the external catering service Arrange lunch rooms in every separate building in the premises and setting small building to buy the meals from an external catering service A Chosen Project From the above mentioned alternative projects the first alternative (Setting up a separate building to providing catering services for the employees of the company) due to following reasons; This alternative provides a long-term solution for the problem The employees will be happy about the employer since they feel that the company care their needs This solution can be built and develop healthy relationships among the various staff of the company The objectives of CSR can be easily achieved As a pre-requirement of planning the project has to be sub-divided into major divisions. Accordingly following sub-divisions can be identified with the high level estimates of time, resources and costs. Project Sub-Division Description Time Estimates Resources Cost Estimates Constructing the Building This includes, Planning the building Estimating the costs and purchasing requirements Calling for tenders from the suppliers Selecting suppliers Constructing the building 2 months External Architectures Engineering Division and Top Management involvements including Budgetary committee Tender board Construction people and material Land  £5000 Arranging the Interior facilities This includes, Arranging the seating facilities Arranging the canteen including fixed assets such as fridges, cashiers, delivery tables, etc 1 month Financial resources Labour Clerical staff Fixed assets Management and coordination  £3000 Establishing the catering service This includes, Recruiting kitchen and canteen staff Purchasing fixed assets, equipments and goods for the kitchen and the canteen 2 months Clerical staff Human resource Division Financial resources Purchasing procedures Fixed assets  £2000Table 01: Project Plan Project Methodology PRINCE 2 Having identified the above fundamentals of the main project a suitable project methodology should be selected. There are several project methodologies can be identified in the Project Management literature such as the traditional approach, PRICE 2, Event Chain Methodology, Process Based Management, Critical Chain Project Management, etc. Among these the PRINCE 2 project management methodology is the best suit for the project under concern. As explained by Hutchings (2011) this method is a structured approach to project management which provides a clearly defined framework for project management. It describes how to coordinate people and activities of the project, how to design and supervise the project and what actions should be taken if the project reflects some deviations from the plan and planned outcomes. Accordingly each activity is structured with clear input and outputs allowing the automatic control of the project processes and efficiency of the resources. The following figu re shows a typical PRINCE 2 methodology. Figure 01: PRINCE 2 Methodology [Source: http://www.projectmanagement.net.au/prince2] Feasibility Assessment Feasibility Criteria Assessment Weighing Technical Feasibility The technical expertise for several aspects of the project should be made available from the external sources. Accordingly following services are available for the project; The project planning staff 100%The clerical staff Engineering and designing Budgetary committee And following technical skills should be outsourced; 80%Building architecture Construction engineering Cooking staff There are reliable sources to obtain these technical requirements for the project without greater difficulty. 90% Schedule Feasibility Schedule should be subjected to proper control (85%). 15% risk assessment is allowed. The expertise of the external constructors and technical services is assured 100% by the top management 92.5% Human Resource Feasibility The members of the corporate project staff are newly appointed. Therefore they should be subjected to proper guidance, controlling and monitoring procedures in order to get their full potential for the project work. In the catering services field and building construction their knowledge and experience are significantly lack and therefore effective consultation is required. Required labour for the project should be externally fulfilled since there are no idle labours that can be allocated for the project. 20% Financial Feasibility The financial for the project can be sourced in following ways; Welfare fund: 12.5% CSR Budget allocations: 25% Company Bank Accounts: 50% Employee Contribution: 12.5% 100% Operational Feasibility Since the project is to be carried out utilising the external labour is can be operated without disrupting the normal manufacturing and business operations. 90% Sharing best practices The project team is prepared to utilise the lessons in the past and to obtain information further from the external sources personally to make the project a success. 90% Table 02: Feasibility Assessment Nicholas (2009); Warner (2010); Borow (2010) Administrative Structure Based on the PRINCE 2 Project Methodology following structure can be developed for the management and administration of the project (Hartl, 2006). Project Planning Committee Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Catering Service Arrangement Interior Facilitation Building Construction Construction Purchasing Arrangement Purchasing Recruiting Staff HR Division Purchasing Corporate Project Manager Budgeting CEO/ Director Board Steering Committee Figure 02: Administrative Breakdown structure Roles and Responsibilities of the Project Manager Haughey (2011) has pointed that the role of the project manager is to plan, approval, implementation, control, monitor and execution of the project. The execution involves the accumulating resources and coordinating the people and physical resources in order to perform the tasks effectively and efficiently to the standards of performance. Accordingly followings are the responsibilities of the project manager; Team leadership Documentation Developing schedules Activity planning and scheduling Planning and define scope Risk analysis Monitoring and reporting the progress Manage the risk issues Control the quality Realise the benefits Project Plan Based on the PRINCE 2 project methodology adopted the project plan should be prepared. Accordingly each process should be clearly defined with inputs and outputs and necessary performance standards and controls. Methodology should be inclusive of remedies for the potential deviations from the planned process. Accordingly following project plan is outlined for the project under consider (Frese, 2003). Order Task Name Start Date Duration End Date Resources 1 Building Construction 9/1/2012 60 10/31/2012 2 Planning the building 9/1/2012 7 9/8/2012 Architecture 3 Estimating the costs and purchasing requirements 9/9/2012 7 9/16/2012 Budgetary committee 4 Calling for tenders from the suppliers 9/17/2012 12 9/29/2012 Purchasing Dept 5 Selecting suppliers 9/30/2012 10 10/10/2012 Purchasing Dept 6 Purchasing procedure 10/11/2012 7 10/18/2012 Purchasing Dept 7 Constructing the building 10/19/2012 17 11/5/2012 Contractors 8 Preparing Interior facilities 11/6/2012 30 12/6/2012 9 Planning the interior arrangement (following the plan of the building) 11/6/2012 2 11/8/2012 Project planning team 10 Estimating the costs and purchasing requirements 11/9/2012 2 11/11/2012 Project planning team 11 Calling for tenders from the suppliers 11/12/2012 7 11/19/2012 Purchasing Dept 12 Selecting suppliers 11/20/2012 7 11/27/2012 Purchasing Dept 13 Purchasing procedure 11/28/2012 7 12/5/2012 Purchasing Dept 14 Arrangement 12/6/2012 5 12/11/2012 Labors, Project planning team 15 Establishing the catering service 12/12/2012 30 1/11/2013 16 Planning the Human Resource requirements 12/12/2012 7 12/19/2012 HR Division and Project Planning Team 17 Recruitment procedures 12/20/2012 7 12/27/2012 HR Division 18 Recruitment and Selection 12/28/2012 2 12/30/2012 HR Division 19 Estimating the costs and purchasing requirements 12/31/2012 7 1/7/2013 Project planning team 20 Purchasing procedure 1/8/2013 7 1/15/2013 Purchasing Dept 21 Closure of the project 1/16/2013 7 1/23/2013 22 Post project evaluation 1/16/2013 3 1/19/2013 Steering committee, Project manager and the team 23 Reporting 1/20/2013 2 1/22/2013 Project manager 24 Hand over the documents and project to the management 1/23/2013 1 1/24/2013 Project manager 25 Opening for employees 1/25/2013 1 1/26/2013 Project planning team, management and employees Table 03: Project Plan Task 02 Alternative Project Team Structures Team Structure Assessment Pure Project The project manager has the full authority over the project Every member reports to a one boss Line of communication is shortened Decisions are made quickly Motivation, team spirit and commitment are high The teams have not a sustainability after the project is completed due to ignorance of the organisational goals and objectives (Baguley, 2003) Functional One team member may be working on several projects The projects have been established within a certain functional division Motivation, team spirit and commitment are weak Project mangers role may not be defined clearly The aspects of the project that are not directly related with the functional area may be ineffectively achieved Matrix Project Project team composed of people from different functional areas so that all aspects of the project are equally fulfilled and considered Project manager has defined roles and responsibilities Communication among the functional divisions is improved and enhanced There would have two bosses; project manager and the functional manager There is a high risk for failure of the project unless the project manager possesses strong negotiating skills (Mullins, 2007) Table 04: Alternative Project Team Structure Interpersonal Skills for Project Manager According to Yeong (2011) following interpersonal skills are crucially important for the project managers in order to successfully manage the progress and people of the project. Leadership and influencing skills Team building Motivation Communication Decision making Negotiating Political and cultural awareness Quality Management Process According to Borow, (2010) the quality management process for the project under concern is as follows; Quality planning: The goal of the project: To establish a canteen for the employees of the company including office staff and factory workers in order to reduce the overcrowding in the local area and to promote healthy foods Expected deliverables: The building: spacious sufficiently to gather employees, clean, proper waste and water disposal methods, Catering service: established within the company premises, clean and healthy foods, affordable prices for all staff, availability of choices Measuring the success: Post project evaluation, questionnaire survey among the employees, physical performance of the building, water and waste disposal systems Quality Assurance In order to assure the quality of the deliverables, following steps will be followed; Building: utilise the best materials, get the services of the well-known constructors, utilise the service of the recognised and assured architectures and designers Catering service: employ most skilled and well-experienced cooking staff, set the conditions for service relating to quality, clean and healthy foods, ensure tidy environment Quality control In order to control the quality of the deliverables, evaluations and suggestions of the following persons will be considered. The physical tests of the engineering heads Assurance of the HR division relating to the competency of the canteen staff Physical verification by the project team and the management of the waste disposal systems The employees of the company Managing Project Change Proposals Changes are possible in course of the projects due to various implications of the project management and stakeholder influences. Following typical change management procedure will be followed to ensure the changes are properly managed during the project ensuring the success. Figure 03: Change Management during the Course of the Project [Source: http://product-ivity.com/project-change-management/] Possible Issues and Risks As shown by Viney (2004) following project risks and issues should be encountered. Risk / Issue Description Business/ Inherent Risk Culture and politics that are prevailing within the organisation may affect the project execution, monitoring and controlling. Project specific risk The skills of the project team, as discussed earlier are considerably insufficient for this project. Hence there is a high need for proper control, execution and supervision of the project leadership during the work Stage risk Risk associated with the each sub-division of the project Table 05: Possible Risks Monitoring and Evaluation In order to monitor and control the project work successfully the stakeholder analysis can be adopted. As claimed by Kerzner, (2004, pp 358). The stakeholder analysis helps to identify the persons or the groups that should be involved in the decision making process of the project and to whom, what and how to disseminate the information about the project. Additionally the stakeholders would affect and involve in the change management and control procedures. By identifying and defining their needs the project manager can effectively determine how should the project be monitored and on what bases or criteria the project should be evaluated. Accordingly following analysis can be used for the monitoring and evaluation purposes of the project. Stakeholder type Parties may included Requirements Critically affect the success of the project Budgetary committee Top management External services Project team Comply with the organizational policies, practices and system procedures Effective Reporting Proper coordination and availability of resources Legally required to participate The local government officers To ensure the construction of a building in the local area Have specific expertise on project The project planning team Steering committee Project team including the project manager Building constructors and designers Engineering HR Division The right quality and standards of performance of the relevant deliverables Beneficiaries The employees The company The improved and quality environment Healthy and clean foods Affordable prices Continuous maintenance System to detect and manage issues As Frese, (2003) explained, the project charter can be used as a source document in order to detect and manage issues of the project. This document includes all of the following details; Deliverables Constraints Risks Resources Acceptance criteria Cost and man-hour estimations Risk management policy Resources requirement Benefits and impacts Link to the corporate business and CSR strategy Conclusion Project management is dealt with managing projects effectively within the given triple constraints of cost, time and schedule. In order to manage a project successfully the project managers and team members should possess a range of skills, experience and competencies. If the project team armed with necessary skills and competencies or has the quick access to reliable sources, the project can be achieved successfully. Further interpersonal skills are highly important for the project managers. Since, especially in the matrix team structure the project manager plays a significant role by effectively negotiating with the functional managers and the employees assigned from various functional areas to discharge the project tasks. There are main three types of team structures that can be used to organise the project team. The project must be subjected to properly established quality control processes and the outcomes should be benchmarked in order to ensure the expected deliverables. Stake holder analysis can be used to monitor and evaluate the project based on the nature and purpose.

Public Relations and Democratic Communication Essays -- Democratic Com

Consider the arguments for and against the view that Public Relations enhance democratic communication. While democratic communication influenced by many different factors, especially in capitalist society, the elites represents as dominant groups that have more opportunities to express their voice. Among to the rest, Public Relations play an important role in the communication between public and different organizations. The core of this essay is based on the debate of whether Public Relations enhance democratic communication. This paper will mainly divide into three sections. Firstly, the discussion on the main question will focus on if the public relations have beneficially effects on democratic communication; secondly, the discussion will be the neutrality opinion about the relationship between public relations and democracy communication; thirdly, the reasons why the theorists considering the public relations reinforce the democratic communication will be listed. The primary hypothesis of this debate is Public Relations have beneficial effects on democratic communication. Public Relations mainly target on public, which through spinning and lobby group work to promote the image of political groups, corporate and other organizations, and then release the stress relationship between public and groups. In the beginning of twentieth century, the emergence of public relations was for getting on well with the speed of commercial development, as what Stanley Kelley describe, this group is ‘a class of professional propagandists’ (Stanley Kelley: 1956, p.16). However, in nowadays, this group of people actively can be found among political groups, advertising purposes and marketing issues etc. The members within professional ... ...002) Public relations democracy: public relations, politics and the mass media in Britain Manchester University Press pp47 Miller, D & Dinan, W (2007) ‘Public Relations and the Subversion of Democracy’ cited in Miller, D & Dinan, W (eds.) Thinker, Faker, Spinner, Spy: Corporate PR and the Assault on Democracy, London: Pluto Press Moloney, K (2006a) Rethinking Public Relations, 2nd edition, London: Routledge Kavanagh (1995) cited in Davis, Aeron (2002) Public relations democracy: public relations, politics and the mass media in Britain Manchester University Press Neill (1998) appeared in Davis, Aeron (2002) Public relations democracy: public relations, politics and the mass media in Britain Manchester University Press Miller, D & Dinan, W (2000) ‘The rise of the PR Industry in Britain, 1979-1998’ European Journal of Communication, 15(1): 5-35 pp. 13

The Influence of Western Cowboys in America

Have you ever seen a typical American Western Movie? If so, I think it’s not difficult to form an image of western cowboys in your mind. Then what do they look like? A boy, wearing felt hat and riding boots with dagger and handgun on the waist, press his two legs powerful which makes the horse speed away. In a word, west cowboys are the heroes on horsebacks. Because of the lifestyle and behaviors of them, western cowboys have become a sign of liberty, bravery and adventuresome. From the old cowboys make influences on American culture gradually which can be seen from not only work of art but also their paraphernalia and ideas on values. Apart from movies, songs and poetry are also vivid in describing their feelings and life. According to Harold Braverman in his article published on VOA, they just sang these songs as they rode on the saddles of their horses across the cattle lands which were very close to them. ( At that time, they fought against the deserted area and silence with the beautiful tunes and words. As Thin Lizzy sang in the song â€Å"Cowboy Song† in Live And Dangerous, â€Å"Riding in the rodeo /Roll me over and set me free†. This could explain why they are so fascinated by the riding life—they are longing for liberty, of course. Their riding with their free thinking in the wind gradually becomes a symbol which roots in American dreams about freedom. A noose, cowboy towels, clothes, cowboy hat, cowboy boots–modern cowboy costume hasn't much difference from that in movies. Because everything has its existence value rather than is just decoration. For example, the noose is the most useful tool to control the herd. Once some cattle rush out the queue, cowboys use it to catch them which show their power and technique. The bandanna called cowboy towels is multipurpose which protect cowboys from sunburn, dust and chilliness. What’s more, the tall cowboy boots decorated with colorful leathers and spurs make it more efficient while working from horseback. I think it’s the rough and sharp surfaces that stimulate the horse to toe the line. Anyway, the wonderful images make a deep impression on ordinary people with the enthusiasm to catch the fashion dressing. To some extent, it also teaches people focus on the homemade or handwork without expensive materials. In the eyes of who advocate nature, these primary things can be just suitable. West cowboys are a group of people from all over the world who are looking for opportunities to become heroes. Most of them came from Mexico and South of America, where are close to the western America, but also are those from Nevada in Australia. To be a real cowboy, gift and acquired hard work are both required. Of course, tenacity is indispensable to a cowboy which contains too much meaning. First, he lives and accompanies with the herd. So they have self respect and show respects to the cattle at the same time for a better harmonious life. In Philip Ashton Rollins’s book The Cowboy: His Characteristics, His Equipment, and His Part in the development of the west, he mentioned that university of courage was an earmark of the cowboy’s trade. In fact, they face with the danger not only from the animals but also from the climate with Nature itself. They always stand hot, dusty, freezing weather conditions, the hard work and even damage deeply from inner alone. Most of the cowboys don’t seek fame or fortune, instead of their understanding and love of life. The cowboys have strong sense of justice, regard as a man of courage and daring, and stick to their own standards about rituals, laws and institutions outside. They are alone with the preference about the primitive life to modern urban life. But who really understand cowboy, understand their deep loneliness and magnificent? Understand they face west, grassland, herds of simple sentiment and ambitions? Perhaps, crowded cities in disgust and busy modern, more is the vast field and freedom. As traffic developed, arrived at the beginning of the 21st century, cowboy era finished. With the spread of the American culture, the cowboy culture with literature, film image, cowboy clothing, language, and the unique ballads, entertainment and so on influenced the whole world. Cowboys, with historical development and legend, become the important content of American culture, inspiring generations of America. Legend continues.

On the Want of Money

Robyn Sumibcay April 4, 2013 Period 5 Carvalho On the Want of Money It all dates back to ten thousand years ago when money became one of the world’s greatest obsessions. From bartering to coinage to paper, the want and need for money has never changed. In author William Hazlitt’s essay, On the Want of Money, he clearly describes how money can effectively make or break one’s life. He uses examples, syntax, diction, and tone to show that in a world without money a human being will experience the harshness of life.After stating his position that â€Å"one cannot get on well in the world without money. † author Hazlitt lists a variety of examples to show the outcome of one’s life if they were to live without money. He clearly states that without money your life will basically be miserable, and useless. He not only shares examples of how life would be without money, but also a little bit about how it would be WITH money. His long list of harsh examples a llows the reader to paint a picture of Hazlitt’s position.Considering that the whole essay consists of three sentences, the readers begin to feel overwhelmed. By overwhelming the reader, they’re able to get a sense of the burden they would feel if they were to live without money. The method of listing also makes readers see the endlessness of problems a person may over go. Listing examples of the way life would be without money makes the reader change their perspective of living â€Å"freely†. On the Want of Money is filled with harsh diction which creates a dreary tone for readers.Hazlitt uses a list of negative words such as, â€Å"despised†, â€Å"rejected†, â€Å"carped†, â€Å"disparaged†, â€Å"scrutinized†, â€Å"neglected†, â€Å"thrall†, â€Å"irksome†, â€Å"compelled†, â€Å"deprived†, â€Å"back-biting†, â€Å"disappointment†, and â€Å"burden† to emphasize the severe effects and harshness of being poor. By emphasizing in his essay, readers are able to realize the way their life would change dramatically if money were to be completely abolished from their lives. Harsh diction also helps express the endlessness of negative outcomes. Not only does harsh diction create negativity but also produces a dreary, unemotional-like tone.By creating a solemn tone, readers are then able to realize the appreciation they should have toward money. Diction and tone really has an effect on the readers because it helps them feel what it’s like without money, and creates an experience of being less fortunate. Money plays a major role in a human beings life because although it’s deniable, money can sometimes really be the answer to happiness. Without money, a person may end up living a hard, struggling life. No matter what form that money is in, a person should always carry it around to be able to get through the harshness and reality of life.

Computers essays

Computers essays Pletz, John, Personal computer sales crash, The Bakersfield Californian, October 22, 2001, Techno Files. The article expresses the computer industrys recent downturn even though computers performances are better than ever and how nervous consumers are shying away. Providing increasingly better products at ever-lower prices, PC makers are the victims of their own success. The PC industry has never needed new sales more than it does today. The industry is headed for its first yearly decline since 1986. Prices are continuing to fall even as features improve. Overall consumer sales are expected to be down 10 percent this year. With 63 percent of U.S. homes having a PC, many observers conclude that anyone who really wants a computer already has one. Which means the industrys growth is now more about replacement buying than new sales. Consumers are too nervous about a recession and ongoing military action to worry about buying a new computer, which is a nightmare scenario for Microsoft and the rest of the PC industry. In the past, the industry has pushed new features and capabilities. But today massive advances in power and capabilities are lost on the average consumer. The article was very interesting and truthful. I was very shocked to hear that the computer industry is on a decline since it is usually successful. It will be interesting to see what techniques the computer industry will use to bounce back. ...

Sculptures in Kuwait and Great Britain Comparison

Sculptures in Kuwait and Great Britain Comparison It goes without saying that art is the powerful force that makes the world a beautiful place and at the same time allows the artist to show the rest of the people their true colors; taking the veil off the everyday mysteries, art pins down the tiniest imperfections of life and yet portrays it as something unique and delightful.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Sculptures in Kuwait and Great Britain Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the most unusual kinds of art, the one that allows to represent the elements of the world in their usual three-dimensional form, sculpture is the least emphasized at present, which makes it quite a peculiar target for a research. Comparing the specifics of the Kuwait and British sculpture, one can possibly see the specifics of the Kuwaiti and the British culture, the key differences and the unexpected similarities, and learn about the trends in both the British and the K uwaiti sculpture. Speaking of the aim of the research, one must mention that the paper will describe the key differences and the similarities between the current Kuwaiti and British sculpture. Being the key purpose of the given paper, the search for the specifics of each sculpture art development will lead to the further analysis and the work on the conclusion. Thus, the links between the British and the Kuwaiti culture are likely to be discovered. In addition, the prospects for the further development of the Kuwaiti and British sculpture are likely to be made. Moreover, it is necessary to mention that the given aim presupposes reaching a number of various objectives. For instance, the research will focus on the development of the Kuwaiti sculpture and the key people who contributed to the latter most; the same issues are going to be researched in the field of the British sculpture. However, since Britain includes English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish art, the British sculpture develop ment will be mentioned briefly, with the key facts about each of the cultures.Advertising Looking for proposal on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The paper is going to be split into three major parts, i.e., the research on the British sculpture, the research on the Kuwaiti sculpture and the following analysis of the two. However, since there are possibly several major stages in the establishment of the British and the Kuwaiti sculpture, the first two parts will possibly be split into several parts according to the sculpture development stages. Speaking of the way in which the analysis is going to be conducted, the following aspects are going to be compared: the time period at which the art of sculpture appeared; the key cultures and/or factors which contributed to the stylistic choices; the most famous sculptors; the outside influence; the modern sculpture and the current tendencies. Therefore, it c an be suggested that the given paper will be targeted at several objectives that will contribute to a single goal of learning about the sculpture of the two countries. There have been quite a number of researches on the British culture, yet there are quite few papers on the topic of the Kuwaiti culture and especially sculpture. Hence, it can be considered that the given field needs additional researches. In addition, even though there have been some papers devoted to the issue of the Kuwaiti culture, and some even touched upon the issue of sculpture, there are still not enough researches made on the differences and similarities between the development of sculpture in the two states. Thus, the research background is rather scanty, yet one can possibly learn quite much about the issue in the process. As for the significance of the given paper, one can possibly assume that the given research will have some weight. Mainly due to the fact that there has been very little done in exploring the sculpture of Kuwait, one can assume that the paper will provide a lot of colorful new details about the issue. In addition, since there has never been a comparison made between the British and the Kuwaiti sculpture, one can suppose that the given paper is going to shed some light on a relatively unknown subject and provide unique facts, as well as deliver specific and unexpected results. Hence, the significance of the paper is going to be sufficient enough to prove its right to exist.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Sculptures in Kuwait and Great Britain Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In terms of the paper methodology, it is necessary to mention that the research is going to be conducted on the basis of the data collected from books and reports. As it has already been mentioned, the research is going to touch upon various epochs in the development of sculpture in both countries, which means that not only the recent reports on the sculpture exhibitions or festivals and the modern sculptors with their most famous works are going to be analyzed, but also the books on the historical development of sculpture in the specified countries are going to be considered. The next issue to discuss will be the sources. As it has already been explained, the sources for the paper are going to be very diverse, mostly because of the specifics of the issue. In addition, it will presumably be quite difficult to pick the necessary information, since the art of sculpture was underdeveloped in Kuwait until the mid-90ies of the XX century. To start with, the story of the Kuwaiti sculpture is going to be researched. In DiPiazza’s work (2006), several artistic traditions are going to be researched, such as the annual Festival of arts. Moreover, the reasons for the underdevelopment of the sculpture genre in Kuwait are going to be explained in details. Another peculiar work which deserves taking a closer look at is the book by O’Shea Spilling (2009); the latter will shed some light on when the actual development of the Kuwaiti sculpture began (according to the authors, it was exactly 1963 (O’Shea Spilling, 2009, 108)). Finally, USA International Business Publications (2007) will tell about the places in Kuwait where notable sculptures are, such as Free Studio for Fine Arts (USA International Business Publications, 2007, 257), etc. Further on, when dealing with the emergence and the further progress of sculpture in Great Britain, the book by Westmacott (1824) will be of great importance. Allowing to track the history of British sculpture till the day it emerged as a phenomenon, Westmacott offers more than enough information for the given research. Unlike Westmacott, Greengrass Huges (2008) offer the specifics of the English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish sculpture instead of digging deep into the history of the British sculpture in general.Advertising Looking for proposal on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Allowing to access the most significant elements of the British sculpture, the given book, nonetheless, makes it obvious that British art embraces several cultures, which is the key difference between the British and the Kuwaiti sculpture. Meanwhile, Hill (2011) allows to check the greatest sculptors of the XXI century Britain, making the readers plunge into the present-day British sculpture. However, Eigner (2010) shows that there are a number of modern Kuwaiti sculptors worth mentioning; listing the key people who have had essential impact on the XXI century Kuwaiti sculpture, the author stresses the fact that sculpture is only developing in Kuwait. With the help of Ammari’s (2009) article, one can learn even more about the modern Kuwaiti sculptures, which Wintle (2002) lists the key British sculptors of the XXI century. Brought together, the above-mentioned sources allow to track the history of British and Kuwaiti art of sculpture. For the paper, the following work plan is going to be adopted. First of all, the sources on the topic are going to be collected based on their relevance to the issue. Further on, the sources are going to be analyzed and split into several categories, i.e., the sources which deal with the Kuwaiti sculpture and sculptures at the time when sculpture appeared in Kuwait, the sources which deal with the same issue of appearing and further development of sculpture in Great Britain, and the sources which concern the present-day sculpture in each of the countries in question. Further on, the outline for the paper is going to be developed. Finally, I will provide a rough draft for the paper and start writing the research. In the end, the final conclusions will be drawn and the prognoses for the Kuwaiti and British sculpture will be drawn. References Ammari, S S, 2009, Kuwaiti sculptor’s work is new addition to downtown Burj Dubai. Web. DiPiazza, F D, 2006, Kuwait in pictures, Twenty-First Century Books, Minneapolis, MN. Eigne r, S, 2010, Art of the Middle East: modern and contemporary art of the Arab  world and Iran, Merrel, London. Greengrass, M Huges, L M, 2008, The virtual representation of the past, Ashgate Publishing, Farnham, UK. Hill, J, 2011, The sculpture of Gertrude Hermes, Ashgate Publishing, Farnham, UK. O’Shea, M Spilling, M 2009, Kuwait, Marshall Cavendish, Singapore. USA International Business Publications, 2007, Kuwait investment and business guide, International Business Publication, Washington, DC. Westmacott, C M, 1824, British galleries of painting and sculpture, comprising a  general historical and critical catalogue, with separate notices of every work of fine art in the principal collections, Sherwood, London, UK. Wintle, J, 2002, Makers of modern culture, Routledge, New York, NY.

About Different Essay Writing Formats

About Different Essay Writing Formats About Different Essay Writing Formats An essay writing format is something that concerns students who are not aware of their peculiarities. True, it is sometimes possible to get totally lost in the variety of those page numbering techniques and the and Bibliography sections. If you are one of those students who do not have a clear understanding of what distinguishes MLA from APA, then the following content is just for you. The present article will try to narrate of the most common formats for academic papers of the modern educational institutions. The most frequently used formats in the modern high schools, colleges and universities are APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, Oxford and Harvard. Apart from these ones, there are a few more, but they are used not so often. The tutors, in their majority, prefer the listed ones for the students who compose written assignments. These formats have their unique peculiarities, so the students would need to master these all in order to get the high marks and no complaints from their tutors. No need to panic. These are not too complicated and all of the students who have the desire to write well and obey the formatting rules would eventually master all of these formats. In case you belong to the category of students who have no or minimal desire to learn all of the mentioned formats and their peculiar characteristic, you are welcome to order the paper online – from the Internet-based custom paper writing company. Its staff knows how to work with any of the mentioned formats, so you will have no troubles in this regard. Once you order a paper composed by a freelance writer, you obtain the high-quality product and what is even more pleasant, you would not need to bother formatting the paper on your own. All you would need to do is to state which particular format you need during the order placement procedure. The rest will be done for you at quite an affordable price. You will get the completed essay formatted as needed within the time frame you specify in the order instructions. Leave the headache of formatting to the freelance writers from the online custom paper writing company and you will still succeed in this case. All you would need to do is to care about the credible online agency you address – you need the good assistance, not the poor one. So, select the writing agency with consideration and mind the price you might pay for addressing a poor company – you may lose the academic position and be accused of academic dishonesty. To avoid the latter ones – choose the writer to work with the utmost attention. offers professional essay writing help you can fully rely on. You will get a high-quality custom essay paper from highly qualified writers.

High Costs of Healthcare Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

High Costs of Healthcare - Research Paper Example Anderson’s (1997) theory organizes the healthcare system as per the contribution of government and private agencies in the healthcare delivery. The level of participation of the government and nongovernment agencies in the financing and organization of the healthcare modules determine their position on the continuum. In the US, the healthcare is market driven and the various modules, even the essential ones like insurance, accessibility etc are treated like commodities. In the fast-changing environment of globalization and technological advancement, the healthcare system of the US has come under a lot of stress from various factors. Hence, academicians and scholars have placed the US Healthcare system at the market-maximized extreme of the Anderson continuum. The general downtrend in the management and delivery of health  is a major issue which, if not tackled soon, may boomerang on the government with serious consequences. The needed reforms, therefore, require a careful consideration to all the various pros and cons of the developing situations in the concerned areas of the public health care. The various agencies, government and nongovernment are required to come together to formulate strategies and policies for the legislative reforms that need to be implemented. The market maximization and the competitive business rivalry have resulted in the low quality of the healthcare in the United States. In the market-driven health system, consumers or people decide what goods (health module) to buy and at what cost. Therefore, the prices and the level of services become the crucial factor in the exchange of goods or the healthcare services.     

Financial Markets and Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Financial Markets and Risk - Essay Example For investors who are moderate on their risk taking mentality have hybrid products to choose from. This report will deal with various investment products that are provided by financial institutions and the implications of market interest rates on investors and banks. Long term savings and investment products provided by Retail banks and Non Banking Financial Intermediaries or NBFC’s Some of the popular long term investment products provided by retail banks and NBFC’s are as follows. Fixed Deposits: Fixed deposits, as the name signifies, have a fixed tenure during which the investments cannot be withdrawn. Withdrawal is possible in between the tenure, but in such a case the investor will have to forgo certain benefits as early withdrawal charges. Bonds: Bonds are debt instruments that are issued by government or corporate. Bonds are fixed income securities that provide a fixed rate of return over a period of time. As a result, it is less risky too. Debentures: Debentures are similar to bonds in its nature with the only difference being they are issued only by corporations. Debentures provide fixed rate of interest and comes with a lock in period of usually more than 2 years. Mutual Funds: Mutual fund is a collective fund management system in which the amount collected from a large number of investors is invested into certain asset classes based on the nature of the fund. The investors who invest in mutual funds will get units of the fund of which the value depends on the price movement in the assets they are invested in. Pension Funds: A pension fund is a very long term investment product that is intended to give retirement income for the investors. Investors contribute a certain amount on fixed intervals which is accumulated and invested in safe asset classes. These are returned to them at the time of their retirement. Implications of increase in general interest rates on individual savers and investors An increase in the general interest rates wi ll have a considerable impact on the investment portfolio of investors and savers. â€Å"When interest rates are rising, both businesses and consumers will cut back on spending† (Investopedia, 2011). The cut back on spending by customers and businesses will lead to less corporate earnings than before. The poor corporate earnings will cause the stock prices to drop at the overall market. A fall in the stock market will affect all the investment products that have the investment pie in stocks. Investors and individual savers, who have invested directly in the stock markets or invested in the stock markets through mutual funds and other products, will see their corpus going down. A rising interest rate can also affect the investors in terms of the low risky instruments like bonds. The prime relationship to be understood is that there is always an inverse relationship between the interest rates and bond prices. When the market interest rate rises, the bonds with lesser interest r ate than the market rate will turn to be less attractive for the investors. The investors receive interest at a lower rate as compared to what is offered by the market. This will not be a big issue if the investor holds the bond until its maturity. But any plans to sell the bond before the maturity will reap fewer benefits when the market interest rates are higher (Williams, 2009). The investor can definitely hold on to the bonds

Maternal Obesity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Maternal Obesity - Research Paper Example The health indicators were developed on the rationale that they related to several of the chronic disease states and the exercise of control over these indicators would lead to significant improvement of health to a high proportion of the population (Pivarnik, 2008). Obesity is considered to have reached epidemic proportions globally in the modern world. Along with growing rise of obesity in the general population, obesity during pregnancy is also on the rise. Obesity during pregnancy is now considered a common obstetric high-risk condition (Conway, 2011). Estimates suggest that one in four of women in the reproductive age group are obese in the USA (March of Dimes, 2010). This translates into one out of every five women being obese at the start of pregnancy highlighting the depth of the public health problem of maternal obesity (Kim et al, 2007). Significance of Maternal Obesity While in general the risk of obesity among the general population is heightened due to the life styles, t he risk of obesity during pregnancy is even more because of the erstwhile practices and beliefs of women during pregnancy. Earlier it was believed that maternal weight gain was useful in enhancing infant health and reducing perinatal mortality. However, evidence from studies now point to excess of weight gain during pregnancy is detrimental to the mother, enhanced risks during delivery, and undesirable birth outcomes. It has also been found that 40% to 50 % of women during pregnancy put on more weight than is recommended by the Institute of medicine. Risk factors for this unwanted weight gain during pregnancy include higher pre-pregnancy weight, primiparity, lower income, poor knowledge of weight gain recommendations, lower levels of physical activity, and enhanced food consumption (Herring et al, 2008). Evaluation of the prevalence of maternal obesity across the cross-section of the female population in the US shows that the women from the racial and ethnic minorities and low socio -economic status are more prone to maternal obesity than women from the majority population and higher socio-economic groupings (DHHS, 2007). There are several reasons as to why maternal obesity is more prevalent among racial and ethnic minorities and the low socio-economic groups in the community. False beliefs of greater weight gain being beneficial to both mother and child make them prone to excess of nutritional intake. The high cost of healthy foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grain and easy availability of low cost fast foods results in women from the economically segments of society more likely to use low cost unhealthy fast foods as the source of their increased nutrition, leading to unwanted weight gain and obesity during pregnancy (Larson, Story & Nelson, 2009). Lack of or poor facilities for physical activity in the lower income communities, depression, fatigue, and the lack of motivation to maintain one’s health among the women with low socioeconomic status also contributes to the greater prevalence of maternal obesity in this segment of the population (APA, 2011). Consequences of Maternal Obesity Evaluation of the consequences of maternal obesity has to be viewed from the three perspectives of consequences to the mother,

Economic news analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economic news analysis - Essay Example It has been reported that employers in America increased the number of jobs positions. However, despite the above increase in job positions, most of the applicants could not meet the required level of competencies to do the jobs (Steve, Rich & Jeanna, para1-10). This trend has made the rate of unemployment to remain significantly high at a rate of 7.9% (Steve, Rich & Jeanna, para-9). Additionally, majority of the older employees within an age bracket of 45 to 54 years were unwilling to shift to the new job positions (Steve, Rich & Jeanna, para1-10). Therefore, it was not a wonder to see some few people coming out to compete for the new jobs as employment positions increases (Steve, Rich & Jeanna, para3).The article has further provided a description of what could have attributed a decline in number of unemployed people in the United state. Analysis According to Bloomberg report most the employers find it challenging to find a qualified employee who can feel a job need (Steve, Rich & Jeanna, Para 7). Therefore, most employers opted to approach staffing agency firm for recruitment assistance (Steve, Rich & Jeanna, Para 7). It was reported that about one hundred and sixty jobs were created on February this year, however despite this increase the rate of unemployment remained at 7.6 % (Steve, Rich & Jeanna, Para 9). ... Additionally, frictional unemployment may be experienced among people who have left their jobs and are looking for other better jobs (Mankiw, Nicholas, p 606). The rate of unemployment may be determined using the formula below; Unemployment Rate = Number of unemployed people ?100 Total labor force/civilian labor force Source: (Tucker, p-261) Whereby; Labor forces also commonly referred to civilian labor force involves to those people within employment age and below the retirement age that are either working or are actively looking for a job (Tucker, p-261). Frictional unemployment may be presented graphically as shown below; Wages W0 R2 R1 w2 w1 w3 T0 T2 T1 Duration of labor Source: Author Based on the above graph it can be scrutinized how frictional employment occurs given the level of wages. The wages increases from W1 to W2 while duration of labor decreases from T1 to T2 as more people are willing to work with the available wage rates. In above connection, the professor of economi cs at Northwestern University Illinois (Mortensen) asserted that American labor market has remained flexible due to application of monetary measures. However, inflation rates were projected to increase (Steve, Rich & Jeanna, para3-4). This indicates that as unemployment problems were being addressed inflation rates tend to increases as explained in the Philips curve (Mankiw & Nicholas p-606). Additionally, Fed chief asserted that a long period of unemployment may cause workers to lose some working skills and this can lead to a decline in firms’ productivity (Steve, Rich & Jeanna, Para 10). Fed further asserted that the number of people who remained unemployed for a period of more than 27 weeks reduced in the year 2010 from 6.7 millions to 4.7 million

Extensive Growth of Real Gross Domestic Product in the U.S Case Study

Extensive Growth of Real Gross Domestic Product in the U.S - Case Study Example The accelerated growth during the spring and summer period is an indicator that the economy has reached a stronger sustained growth point. In addition, this growth is the best reported after five years since the end of the Great Recession of the U.S. Gross domestic product considers the value of all goods and services produced by the U.S and the best measure of the economic health of the nation. Increase in consumer’s expenditure, investments in business equipment and the increase in the inventories were reported to be higher than the formers estimates. Therefore, the increased investments, inventories, and consumer expenditure accounted for the upward growth in the third quarter of the year 2014 (Market Watch, 2014). The surprising growth in the U.S economy resulted in a slight lift to the stock market. Actually, most of the economists polled by the MarketWatch expected the government to report a decreased growth of around 3.3 percent from the previous. Increase in consumer e xpenditure or spending reflecting more than two-thirds of economic activity of the U.S increased to 2.2 percent from the first read that was 1.8 percent. Households spent more money at retail stores and on auto fuels than in the previous report. One major source of the extensive growth was the increased investment in business equipment which rose from 7.2 percent to 10.7 percent. Companies’ inventories rose from $62.8 billion to $79.1 billion. Despite the fact that the overall growth was high in the third quarter, growth in exports reduced from 7.8 percent to 4.9 percent. The decline shows that the light growth in Asia and Europe is taking a part of the U.S economy. Imports of the U.S reduced at 0.7 percent annual rate a compared to the estimated growth of 1.7 percent.

Negative Message Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Negative Message - Assignment Example You can, for example, log off the machine and let it rest for a while to avoid such overheating. Further, identifying a complication in one of your computers does not meet terms of return policies for all computers purchased with us. If the computer with the complication met our return policy terms then we would act on the specific computer only. In addition, our return policy provides for replacement of computers that fail to work within six months of purchase but overheating does not amount to failure to work and refund is not part of our return policy. I therefore wish to note that the realized overheating, together with our return policy, does not justify your claim. We shall therefore not be able to accept the computers or offer refund. The company however affirms its efforts to ensure quality products and to take responsibility for products that fail to function. Thanks for understanding and we look forward to further business encounters with

Extensive Growth of Real Gross Domestic Product in the U.S Case Study

Extensive Growth of Real Gross Domestic Product in the U.S - Case Study Example The accelerated growth during the spring and summer period is an indicator that the economy has reached a stronger sustained growth point. In addition, this growth is the best reported after five years since the end of the Great Recession of the U.S. Gross domestic product considers the value of all goods and services produced by the U.S and the best measure of the economic health of the nation. Increase in consumer’s expenditure, investments in business equipment and the increase in the inventories were reported to be higher than the formers estimates. Therefore, the increased investments, inventories, and consumer expenditure accounted for the upward growth in the third quarter of the year 2014 (Market Watch, 2014). The surprising growth in the U.S economy resulted in a slight lift to the stock market. Actually, most of the economists polled by the MarketWatch expected the government to report a decreased growth of around 3.3 percent from the previous. Increase in consumer e xpenditure or spending reflecting more than two-thirds of economic activity of the U.S increased to 2.2 percent from the first read that was 1.8 percent. Households spent more money at retail stores and on auto fuels than in the previous report. One major source of the extensive growth was the increased investment in business equipment which rose from 7.2 percent to 10.7 percent. Companies’ inventories rose from $62.8 billion to $79.1 billion. Despite the fact that the overall growth was high in the third quarter, growth in exports reduced from 7.8 percent to 4.9 percent. The decline shows that the light growth in Asia and Europe is taking a part of the U.S economy. Imports of the U.S reduced at 0.7 percent annual rate a compared to the estimated growth of 1.7 percent.

Production plan Essay Example for Free

Production plan Essay Student #2: Vanessa Mijares ORGANIZATIONAL: Costed Recipes COOKING: Focaccia Bread and Torta Caprese Student #3: Juan ORGANIZATIONAL: Food Requisition COOKING: Braciole Calabresi and Action Plan Components 1. Cover sheet 2. Table of contents 3. Descriptive Copy MENU – MUST include salable descriptions of menu items. (Prepare a second copy for framed presentation. ) 4. Requisition 5. Daily Preplist and Transfer Task List – one per student per day with a time line (Great detail required) Or a threaded production list with timeline. 6. Daily prep lists cont. 7. Daily prep lists cont. 8. Daily prep lists cont. 9. Written Recipe Cards on 3X 5 or 4 X 6 Notecards – 1 per recipe Daily Preplist and Transfer Task List Weekly Topic: Southern Italy Student: Vanessa Mijares Team Members:Cassey Dodd, Greta Schmidt, Juan Vasquez DISHES ON WHICH I’M WORKING Focaccia Bread Torta Caprese TASKSStart Time:Completion Time: Make sponge for focaccia bread330335 Make batter for torta caprese, and bake335350 Make dough for focaccia bread, rest350405. Slice up strawberries for compote405415 Stretch out dough, rest415430 Bake bread430445 JUST BEFORE PLATING and TASKS AT PLATE UP Saute strawberries with sugar Daily Preplist and Transfer Task List Weekly Topic: Southern Italy? Student: Greta Schmidt ?Team Members: Vanessa Mijares, Juan Vasquez, Casey Dodd DISHES ON WHICH I’M WORKING Peperonata Orechietti Pasta with Artichokes TASKS Clean artichokes, clean peppers, peel tomatoes, Mise en place all ingredients. Start Time: 3:30 3:30 3:40 3:40 3: 50 Completion Time: 3:35 3:40 3:50 3:50 3:53 Boil pasta water, season with salt cook al,dente cool. Sautee Panchetta, add onions, artichokes add water cook ? Artichokes until tender. For the peperonata: saute sofrito, tomatoes Sautee peppers, add sofrito and capers? JUST BEFORE PLATING and TASKS AT PLATE UP Reheat pasta and toss with artichokes sauce, herb and cheese Correct seasoning on both dishes Heat plates, present dish Daily Preplist and Transfer Task List Weekly Topic: Southern Italy Student: Casey Dodd. Team Members: Greta Schmidt, Juan Vasquez, Vanessa Mijares DISHES ON WHICH I’M WORKING Insalata di Seppie, Calamari, e Gamberi Tunnu a Palirmitana TASKSStart Time:Completion Time: Ask Chef for wine from the store room330335 Get two big pots of boiling water going335350 While water heats up fabricate all seafood350405 Make tuna marinade as soon as possible405415 Make sauce for the seafood415430 Grill the tuna430445 Finish both procedures445545 JUST BEFORE PLATING and TASKS AT PLATE UP Clean all dishes and clean worktable. Stay organized!

The three phase model of Crisis

The three phase model of Crisis Prevention is better than cure is a saying around the globe. This saying applies very well in a crisis which occurs to the organisation from nowhere. The organisational environment is often described as more hostile, uncertain, changeable and complex then it has been in the past (Borman, Ilgen, Klimoski, 2003). The complexity and the capriciousness of the current business environments are liable to stimulate numerous crisis events for organisations and their subunits (Choi Kim, 1999) (Lampel, Shamsie, Shapira, 2009) (Moynihan, 2009). Recently, crises have become a regular or even normal event for many organisations. (Ashby Diacon, 2000). Therefore it is very important and appropriate that managers should focus not only on whether a crisis will happen but also when and how it will occur. Crisis by their nature are unexpected and brief with few managers possessing either firsthand knowledge or practical experience (Guth, 1995). A basic definition as said by Clark (1995) is A crisis , is defined as any unplanned event that can cause death or significant injuries to employees, customers, or the public; shut down the business; disrupt operations; cause physical or environmental damage; or threaten the facilitys financial standing or public image. It is also important to know the types and causes of crisis and the damage which can be caused to cope with the crisis and effective crisis management in the organisation (Drach-Zahavy Freund, 2007) (Mitroff, Shrivastava, Udwadia, 1987). In todays world organisations operate in an environment which is characterised by high uncertainty, risk, and turbulence due to different events such as natural disasters, terrorist attacks, corporate scandals, and major product defects. These unforeseen crisis events, be they small or large scale, naturally occurred or humanly induced, have far-reaching and deep impact on organizations and individuals within (Mitroff, 1988)(Pearson Clair, 1998). To avoid or reduce such unanticipated impact requires effective crisis management practice. By that time, as the environment grows in complexity and uncertainty, it not only requires significant learning efforts on the part of organizations (Lagadec, 1997), but also makes the pace at which organisations learn a determining factor in its ability to survive or adapt (Schwandt Marquardt, 2000). With such difficult environment, constant and continuous learning has become a necessity for the survival of any organisation, adaptability, competitiveness and long term viability (Barnett Pratt, 2000). To cope with such environment and handle such events, crisis management is necessary for any organisation. Like crisis, crisis management is also defined differently by different people by their own perspective. One of the definition of crisis management as said by Darling et. al. (1996) Crisis management is defined as a series of functions or processes to identify, study and forecast crisis issues, and set forth specific ways tha t would enable an organization to prevent or cope with a crisis. The definition given above fills the purpose of this paper of describing crisis management. Many authors have developed different models or process to describe methods to deal with the crisis such as five phases model of crisis management (Mitroff I. I., 1993), some authors has taken different elements of the organisation to deal with to show crisis management such as Mitroff in (1989) used Hofstedes Onion diagram to show culture as a part of crisis management to show the different cultural profiles of organisations. Similarly Smith (1992) explained 7 Cs of crisis management which demonstrates the cultural web and other important elements of the organisation to be handle to prevent the crisis which is one of the crisis management model. Smith in (1990) also came up with another crisis model which is known as Three Phases of Crisis. This model describes about the different phases of the crisis event occurring in organis ation. This paper focuses on this model of Denis Smith describing the model in particular and focusing on which part of the model or which phase of the crisis is most challenging for an organisation to handle with the relevant examples from the organisation and other major events. The next section discusses about the three phase crisis model in brief particularly what does the model means. Followed by the discussion on most challenging phase of the model for an organisation to handle with relevant examples. Then summing up the whole model and describing the reason behind the challenging phase of the model to the organisation in conclusions. Three Phases of Crisis. Crisis management is relatively new field that has only received research attention in recent years (Pearson Mitroff, 1993). Denis smith in (1990) came after a proper research and study about the topic came up with a conclusion that in any crisis situation there are three distinct phases. He developed a model which is now known as three phases of crisis. Smith says that the crisis in any organisation is basically in three stages, the first stage is known as Crisis of Management, the second stage is Operational Crisis and the final stage of the model is Crisis of Legitimation. The Crisis of Management. This phase is the phase in which the situation appears to imperil the firms survival and places the firm under severe time pressure. (Ansoff, 1984). The first phase of this framework, the crisis of management represents that period in which the potential for a crisis becomes incubated. This phase addresses the strategic and system-level issues that can generate problems for organisations at the more functional and operational levels of activity. The first period is when the organisation fails to take account of imminent situation is about to occur which can be catastrophic for firms survival. The important elements here can be seen to be around communication, culture and decision-making processes and the ways in which these factors generate vulnerability. It is in this phase that the potential is developed that would allow an incident or an accident to escalate into a more serious event. This process has been termed tight coupling and interactive complexity by Perrow and reflects the speed of interaction between elements and the complex emergence of failure (Perrow, 1994). Perrow argues that such failures are designed into the system and often represents the normal way of working. Most of this potential for failure arises as a function of attempts at making the organisation more efficient or by the extended nature of its supply chains. In the same way, the failure of management to respond to incidents in an effective manner could allow an initial level to develop quickly into a crisis. This is the phase where decisions taken or not taken by the management or the shareholders or stakeholders in the organisation can proclaim the growth of the organisational culture. The processes through which this escalation can occur can occur are deal with at several points in this collection. The main issues for consideration within this initial phase of the process includes, role of management in the generation of errors lower down the organisation, weaknesses in the managem ent structure, constrained decision-making and communication, and the problems that arise as a result of the interaction between the organisation and its environment. In this culture and climate within which a relatively minor initiative event can intensify the whole system and can result in catastrophic failure. These issues will ultimately be reflected in the failure of contingency planning to address the scope and scale of the problems that face the organisation in the operational phase of crisis. The Operational Crisis. The Second Phase of the model is Operational Crisis it occurs when the event escalates to such a point that damage is caused or the reputation of the organisation becomes threatened. This phase comes when the organisation is in violent pangs of suffering from the operational crisis. David (1990) in Smiths research said This is the phase in which the human face of management is an important element in reducing the organizational impact of the event. In some larger organisations, this phase is often formally triggered when a senior manager determines that the event has the potential to damage the reputation of the group or the main parent company of the various business units (Smith D., 2004). This phase of a crisis is also unavoidably the most visible, due to the damage that it can cause. By the large, this damage requires that an additional level of resource is brought to bear in order to contain the demands of the events, and, eventually, to return them to normal. This phase is also defined by the role of external agencies usually acting in the role of rescuers who will often take short term control of the damaging event until such time as the demands return to a level that can be handled by more routine management processes. Nevertheless, where there is loss of life associated with the crisis then there will also be a requirement for the collection of evidence. This requirement may remain with external agencies for a considerable period of time after the operational phase. There is considerable potential for this process to escalate the crisis still further as media coverage of any investigation will have an impact upon reputation, share price and sometimes even to an extent of, legal status. Thus a crisis does not end at the point at which the minor problem is brought under control, but may escalate still further as the crisis moves to more of a reputational problem in the next phase which is legitimation phase. The Crisis of Legitimation. The final phase of this framework raises the issues of turnaround management, reputation recovery, and a range of processes aimed at securing the organisations legitimacy with its internal and external stakeholders. These are all issues that need to be considered by managers in the Crisis of Management phase rather than in the Operational and Legitimation phase. This final phase also includes the processes of organisational learning which is as generating many of the conditions necessary to deal with future problems of crisis incubation within the crisis of management (Elliott, Smith, McGuinness, 2000). In the ensuing post-crisis period there is often an attempt to search for scapegoat to blame on in an attempt to legitimise organisational operating procedures and different managerial styles. In this phase the organisation tries to restore external confidence in both its managerial structure and operating systems. Government normally tries to intervene in this phase of crisis as the y search for both to secure legitimacy and to take preventive measures. Many a times we see that the management responsible for the crisis is being transferred from one organisation to another or to dedicated crisis management unit or team. This usually occurs in the second phase of the model, as seen by the role of exigency services which comes into picture during the crisis situation in an attempt to resolve the crisis or reduce the damage which is being caused. We can also see such blame games or transfer in the third phase which is crisis of legitimation phase as in this phase attempts are made to apportion blame outside the organisation that played host to the crisis event. Normally, we see such transfers during transport accidents. Resulting in other organisations operating in same sector being affected may be due to close association with the crisis hit organisation or through more tight legislation coming into force during legitimation phase. We see here the impact of crisis being passed from one organisation to another which has to forcefully ch ange modify their pattern to meet the changes in regulation (Smith D. , Beyond contingency planning: towards a model of crisis management, 1990). From the model we can also see that there is a phase of Organisational Learning or what Smith said as Feedback Loop. Environmental factors such as a crisis can stimulate learning within an organisation (Dodgson, 1993) (Fiol Lyles, 1985). Learning has become an increasingly primary concern to many crisis management researchers (Elliott, Smith, McGuinness, 2000) (Stern, 1997). Smith in his model suggested that organisational learning is an integral part of the crisis. Organisations should learn the mistakes which they made during the crisis which let it occur, or the way they handled the crisis. Sundelis and Stern (2002) noted that members of organisation often use lesson from past crisis experiences as a guide for current action. In the same way, they may respond to positive or negative feedback on performances during a crisis experiences as a guide for current action (Sundelis Stern, 2002). The most challenging phase Looking at the whole model all the three phase of crisis are linked to each other. It is not easy to say which phase out of the model is most challenging phase for the organisation. But, if we compare all the three separately phase three which is Legitimation Phase can be the most challenging phase for the organisation. Many a times the post crisis phase runs along to the breeding of another crisis. A thought should be given to the structure and culture of the organisation in order to assure that learning occurs within the organisation. When putting this model in Smiths 7 C model we see that two major part of the organisation which is culture and configuration falls under this phase. Describing this by Smith and Sipika (1993) they showed five major points in this phase by saying to restructure for a responsive structure, the management style of the organisation to be reviewed to avoid such crisis again, sometimes even the personnel of the organisations is being changed or removed, pr oper marketing if the crisis is caused due to the product fault, sometimes it even results in the acquisition of the crisis struck organisation by other organisation. The impact of crisis after it has stricken is very lethal some organisations sometimes are not able to handle the blow of crisis depends upon the size and nature of organisation. The biggest example recently which can be given is the fall of Lehman Brothers Bank during financial crisis. In September 2008 one of the worlds biggest bank, Lehman Brothers filed bankruptcy after hitting badly by the worst post world war financial crisis in 2008. Lehman Brothers which was once said as too big to fall was shut after the strong blow of sub-prime mortgage crisis (Baba Packer, 2009). Out here the working of the organisation in sub-prime mortgages pushed organisation to fall when the markets started to fall. This working was being incubated by the culture of the organisation. The fall of Lehman Brothers started one of the worst global financial crises. The effect here was passed to other organisations not only in the same sector but all over the world due to the size of the organisation. The involvement of government in this phase plays a very vital role as well, this can even save an organisation once the crisis is hit, structure or the working of an organisation can even change completely for example American International Group (AIG) was being rescued by the government of USA after hitting badly by recent financial crisis in2008. AIG was very much in the insurance of Credit Default Swaps(CDS) which turned to toxic assets later on during market crash. The nature of the organisation was very much in risk taking which caused a crisis for them as well. The government bailout given to the organisation helped them to stand back after the harsh blow of the financial crisis (Bernake, 2009). The first point discussed by Smith and Sipika proves the point out in the above given example which was restructuring for a responsive structure. Post Crisis phase or Legititmation Phase has always been proved challenging for the organisation in every way one more example of this phase was step down or change of CEO, Tony Hayward of the British Petroleum of USA branch due to worst oil spill in the history of USA (Bergin, 2010). The Chairman of BP Mr. Carl-Henric Svanberg said in one of the press release on 27th July 2010. The BP board is deeply saddened to lose a CEO whose success over some three years in driving the performance of the company was so widely and deservedly admired. The oil spill in Gulf of Mexico by BP was caused by deepwater horizon rig explosion, as of 9th August 2010 the cost to BP for the oil spill was $6.1bn (Â £3.8bn) which caused crisis to the organisation. Out here the fault was technical but the effect of the crisis (oil spill) not only changed the working of BP as in organisation, it affected in every way to the environment and also to the share prices of the company (Zangari, 2010) (BBC, 2010). The oil spill is almost shut now but the effect of the oil spill is still there to the environment and to the organisation, BP is being sued by the environmentalist and other people, along with BP even other companies involved in the oil spill are also being affected (Pael, 2010). Now-a-days due to globalisation there is always a chain effect of crisis from one organisation to another, as described by the Legitimation phase. Another recent due to faulty product was Cadbury Plc recall of its product made in China, Australia, Taiwan and India. The organisation has to recall its product after revealing tests which said may contain melamine-laced milk which killed four children in China and made many ill. Cadbury was under scrutiny after the revelation. It lost its major markets due to this event, the aftermath of this event caused Cadbury in major loses in the above mentioned region. The contamination was caused by leak of waste water. Around 1million bars of chocolate were recall which damaged the image of the organisation to the core and were almost unable to get back to their feet in one of the major markets around the globe (Hickley, 2008). It was after 2 years due their marketing practices they get back into the market of China and made profits. Similar was the case with Coca-Cola and Pepsi in Indian market which fell under a controversy of having pesticides in their product in 2006. It was then the CEO of PepsiCo. INC Indra Nooyi made a press release about the procedures followed in making of the product and safe to drink. This press release was also used as a marketing technique in Indian market to reduce the aftermath of the crisis. Many such crisis have spoiled the image of many organisations, the practices by organisation have also been changed. These examples show why Legitimation phase is one of the most challenging phase of the crisis model. The government intervention, impact of crisis, competition from the competitors, handling the image of the organisation, health safety and many such things makes the organisation difficult to comeback after the crisis has hit. Conclusion The paper has reviewed some of the issues relating to crisis management and detailed model which focuses on Smith (1990) the three main phases of Crisis and determining the effectiveness of management intervention in containing and preventing crisis escalation to see the various stages through which crises go. Most of the focus is shown on the post-crisis phase as organisations have attempted to manage the negative impact of the event. The phase also points out issues such as culture of the organisation that can increase or reduce the impact of the crisis. Paper also describes briefly about Legitimation phase, as the most challenging phase of the organisation in the crisis model with relevant live examples. Which focuses more on aftermath of crisis and Culture of the organisation, As culture is considered to be a soul of the organisation during the time of crises (Witoszek Tragardh, 2002).

Preparing for the Olympics :: Olympics Sports Athletics Essays

Preparing for the Olympics Every two years, countries around the world join together in excitement for the Olympic Games. Either winter or summer, the Olympics are something everyone seems to look forward to in one way or another. Olympic preparation is no easy task, for the athletes, nor for the event staff. When the idea of Olympic preparation is brought up, two main ideas come to mind. How is the site for the Olympics picked? And how is it decided who carries the Olympic torch? After careful research, the answers to these questions have been found. First, the topic of how an â€Å"Olympic City† comes to be. All cities applying to become candidate cities to host the Olympic Games are subject to a candidature acceptance procedure, conducted by the IOC Executive Board. IOC stands for International Olympic Committee. In the end the IOC Executive Board will determine which cities are accepted as candidate cities. There are several criteria that a host city must meet in order to be considered a candidate for the job. Two of these are: ability to host, organize and stage high level international multi-sports events and compliance with the Olympic Charter and the IOC Code of Ethics. Once the candidates are chosen based on more general elements, the process of choosing an Olympic host can begin. There are usually five cities chosen as possible candidates for the prestige honor of hosting the Olympic Games. From here each city must fill out a lengthy questionnaire about their plans for the Olympic Games. The main topics on the questionnaire concern Motivation and Support, Political and Public Support, General Infrastructure, Sports Infrastructure, Logistics and Experience, and the Financing of the games. After this long and in depth form, the IOC has a better knowledge of each city’s plans for all the events and coordination for the Games. After the questionnaire is received the IOC can send experts to the city to further investigate certain matters pertaining to the questions answered. This is usually done to ensure that the correct choice is made to further the â€Å"Olympic Movement.† Each of the five candidate cities receives a visit by not only the experts, but by the IOC to discuss matters more in depth to get a better feel for the city and it’s ideas for the Games. Preparing for the Olympics :: Olympics Sports Athletics Essays Preparing for the Olympics Every two years, countries around the world join together in excitement for the Olympic Games. Either winter or summer, the Olympics are something everyone seems to look forward to in one way or another. Olympic preparation is no easy task, for the athletes, nor for the event staff. When the idea of Olympic preparation is brought up, two main ideas come to mind. How is the site for the Olympics picked? And how is it decided who carries the Olympic torch? After careful research, the answers to these questions have been found. First, the topic of how an â€Å"Olympic City† comes to be. All cities applying to become candidate cities to host the Olympic Games are subject to a candidature acceptance procedure, conducted by the IOC Executive Board. IOC stands for International Olympic Committee. In the end the IOC Executive Board will determine which cities are accepted as candidate cities. There are several criteria that a host city must meet in order to be considered a candidate for the job. Two of these are: ability to host, organize and stage high level international multi-sports events and compliance with the Olympic Charter and the IOC Code of Ethics. Once the candidates are chosen based on more general elements, the process of choosing an Olympic host can begin. There are usually five cities chosen as possible candidates for the prestige honor of hosting the Olympic Games. From here each city must fill out a lengthy questionnaire about their plans for the Olympic Games. The main topics on the questionnaire concern Motivation and Support, Political and Public Support, General Infrastructure, Sports Infrastructure, Logistics and Experience, and the Financing of the games. After this long and in depth form, the IOC has a better knowledge of each city’s plans for all the events and coordination for the Games. After the questionnaire is received the IOC can send experts to the city to further investigate certain matters pertaining to the questions answered. This is usually done to ensure that the correct choice is made to further the â€Å"Olympic Movement.† Each of the five candidate cities receives a visit by not only the experts, but by the IOC to discuss matters more in depth to get a better feel for the city and it’s ideas for the Games.

Death and Time in Slaughterhouse-Five Essay -- Slaughterhouse-Five Ess

Death and Time in Slaughterhouse-Five We all wish we could travel through time, going back to correct our stupid mistakes or zooming ahead to see the future. In Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughterhouse-Five, however, time travel does not seem so helpful. Billy Pilgrim, Vonnegut's main character, has come unstuck in time. He bounces back and forth between his past, present, and future lives in a roller coaster time trip that proves both senseless and numbing. Examining Billy's time traveling, his life on Tralfamadore, and the novel's schizophrenic structure shows that time travel is actually a metaphor for our human tendency to avoid facing the unpleasant reality of death. Because he cannot control time travel, Billy is forced to relive again and again some of the most painful parts of his life. For example, Edgar Derby, his wartime father-figure, is senselessly executed by the Germans for stealing a teapot, while Valencia Pilgrim, his own wife, dies accidentally from carbon monoxide poisoning after her car's exhaust system is damaged in an accident. Barbara Greeley has observed that the effect of having to witness these events over and over is that "Billy becomes emotionally desensitized to human suffering and death, and is thus robbed of compassion" (3). Her point is well taken, for without this human emotion Billy is reduced to the level of an unfeeling machine. On the planet Tralfamadore where Billy is taken after he is kidnapped by extraterrestrials, his machine-like response to suffering and death grows only worse. Like Billy, the Tralfamadorians have no sense of chronological order; they see time as an earthling might "see a stretch of the Rocky Mountains" (85-86), with... ...ound by time, which includes the ultimate reality of death. Although death limits us by limiting our experiences, our lives are made more meaningful precisely because they are so short. Unlike Tralfamadorians, who cannot change history, we can look back in time and learn from the mistakes of the past. Only in this sense can we truly be time travelers: that we reflect on the past and incorporate its lessons into our present lives so that the future will be more productive. Sources Greeley, Barbara. "New Insights into Vonnegut's Thinking: Slaughterhouse-Five and The Sirens of Titan." Psychology Today June 1990: 1+. Marten, Stephen Edward. "Why We Read Vonnegut Today." Twentieth Century Interpretations of Kurt Vonnegut. Ed Russell Baker. New York: Norton, 1988. 8-25. Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five. New York: Dell Publishing, 1988.

Poetry Analysis of “Introduction to Poetry”

Poetry analysis of ‘Introduction to Poetry’ The Poem â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† is by Billy Collins, an English poet, and it is about how teachers often force students to over-analyze poetry and to try decipher every possible meaning portrayed throughout the poem rather than allowing the students to form their own interpretation of the poem based on their own experiences. Throughout the poem, a number of literary devices are used. For example: â€Å"or press an ear against its hive†.Using this metaphor, Billy Collins is comparing the body of a poem to the hive of a bee. The hive of a bee appears to be something dangerous and unknown, just like a new poem, never before seen, with which one is unfamiliar. Using this metaphor, Billy Collins is suggesting that one should get an energy of the poem by reading it just as one would get a sense of energy by pressing one’s ear to a hive of a bee. The nature of a bee is particularly busy and bees are creatur es that seem to be constantly on the go.In this way, Billy Collins is suggesting that whilst the reader is digesting the poem, he or she should constantly be ‘feeling’ the poem and be busily analyzing it. By comparing the poem to a hive, he is also saying that, like a hive, a poem is full of intense life. The characteristics shared by both the two metaphoric images are very similar, thus, it is an effective comparison. The poem is effectively personified once again through the lines: â€Å"or walk inside a poem’s room†.Here, Billy Collins suggests that the poem’s room, in other word, its body or what the poem contains, like a room of a person, defines the poem. One can learn a lot about another by viewing his or her room. Like a room too, which is private and should not be invaded, one should not invade a poem in the sense that one should not analyze it too heavily. Another effective metaphor, â€Å"I want them to water-ski across the surface of th e poem† is used in this poem.Billy Collins is comparing water-skiing across the surface of the water to the way in which he believes poems should be read which is gently and merely on the surface. This is an effective metaphor as water-skiing brings about a great sense of joy and is fun, just as reading a poem – in Billy Collins’ opinion – should be. The use of onomatopoeic devices and onomatopoeic words are abundant in this poem. For instance, â€Å"I say drop a mouse into a poem† is a line whereby the word â€Å"drop†, a very onomatopoeic word, effectively suggests that the reader of a poem must gently analyze a poem.This is portrayed through the gentle ‘p’ sound of the word and this is therefore effective as the reader gets a sense of the gentleness Billy Collins wishes his readers had when it comes to analyzing poetry. The fact that enjambment is used throughout the poem such as in the lines, â€Å"like a colour slide or pre ss an ear against its hive† portrays a lack of structure and therefore emphasizes the initial enjoyment one feels when reading a poem before the chore of analyzing it begins.This is also emphasized through the fact that the poem is a free verse poem. The poem suddenly becomes much darker in the last stanza and a Billy Collins explains how teachers, students or general readers of poetry ‘torture’ a poem by being what he believes is cruelly analytical. He says, â€Å"all they want to do is tie the poem to a chair with rope and torture a confession out of it†. Here, the poem is being personified yet again and this brings about an almost human connection between the reader and the poem.This use of personification is effective as it makes the reader feel somewhat guilty for over-analyzing a poem. This line is also a metaphor. The way in which one analyzes a poem is being compared to a victim being tied down to a chair and having a confession tortured out of them . This metaphor is effective as, like a rope pinning down a person would be very restrictive, over-analyzing a poem narrows the focus and constricts it from simply allowing it to be. They begin beating it with a hose to find out what it really means†. This is a continuation of the metaphor and is highly effective as it strongly portrays a sense of inhumanity through the choice of ‘hose’ as an object with which to torture as opposed to a typical weapon. One can just imagine how painful this would be and again, forces the reader to almost empathize with the poem. The poem sends a powerful message to its readers and is significantly clear in its message to not delve too deep into the message of a poem.