Conformity In Arthur Millers The Crucible And Frederick...

Roxana Saberi once said, I learned that maybe other people can hurt my body, maybe they could imprison me, but I did not need to fear those who hurt my body, because they could not hurt my soul, unless I let them.† Even when faced with adversity, Saberi and many others before and after her time have shown that choosing to rebel against conformity builds a strong sense of individuality. This is revealed in Arthur Millers, The Crucible and Frederick Douglass, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, when John Proctor and Frederick Douglass make the decision to go against the norms of their communities. Through both Proctor and Douglass, Miller and Douglass show the development of a sense of self and confidence when standing by an†¦show more content†¦Although Proctor and Douglass ultimately put themselves in difficult positions, their acts of defiance allow them to identify with themselves. This new sense of identity that Proctor and Douglass have obtained build s on their individual mindsets versus having the same perspective as everyone in their communities. In addition to Proctor and Douglass discovering who they are from an individual standpoint, both men also gain self-confidence in their newly found individuality. As Douglass continues to learn of the inconsistencies of slavery, his confidence in himself being free increases. I date the entertainment of deep conviction that slavery would not always be able to hold me within its foul embrace... (Douglass 77). Douglass wants to convey his belief that his life as slave is a temporary lifestyle. In expressing his belief, Douglass establishes a confident tone in order to create an uplifting mood that his audience can feed off of. Moreover, Miller also displays the escalation of Proctors self-confidence when he makes the decision not to confess to witchcraft. I can. And theres your first marvel that I can... For now, I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor (4.933-937). Miller creates an earnest tone to point out the shift in Proctors level of confidence. With Proctor being content with making a decision that people are against, Miller conveys to his audience thatShow MoreRelatedConformity In Arthur Millers The Crucible And Frederick Douglass713 Words   |  3 Pagesand many others before and after her time have shown that choosing to rebel against conformity builds a strong sense of individuality. This is revealed in Arthur Millers, The Crucible and Frederick Douglass, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, when John Proctor and Frederick Douglass make the decision to go against the norms of their communities. Through both Proctor and Douglass, Miller and Douglass highlight the development of a sense of self and confidence when standing by an individual Conformity In Arthur Millers The Crucible And Frederick... Roxana Saberi; an Iranian prisoner of war, once said, I learned that maybe other people can hurt my body, maybe they could imprison me, but I did not need to fear those who hurt my body, because they could not hurt my soul, unless I let them.† Even when faced with adversity, Saberi and many others before and after her time have shown that choosing to rebel against conformity builds a strong sense of individuality. This is revealed in Arthur Millers, The Crucible and Frederick Douglass, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, when John Proctor and Frederick Douglass make the decision to go against the norms of their communities. Through both Proctor and Douglass, Miller and Douglass highlight the development of a sense of self†¦show more content†¦Although Proctor and Douglass ultimately put themselves in difficult positions, their acts of defiance allow them to identify with themselves. This new sense of identity that Proctor and Douglass have obtained builds on their individual mindsets versus having the same perspective as everyone in their communities. In addition to Proctor and Douglass discovering who they are from an individual standpoint, both men also gain self-confidence in their newly found individuality. As Douglass continues to learn of the inconsistencies of slavery, his confidence in himself being free increases. I date the entertainment of deep conviction that slavery would not always be able to hold me within its foul embrace... (Douglass 77). Douglass wants to convey his belief that his life as a slave is a temporary lifestyle. In expressing his belief, Douglass establishes a confident tone in order to create an uplifting mood that his audience can feel. Moreover, Miller also displays the escalation of Proctors self-confidence when he makes the decision not to confess to witchcraft. I can. And theres your first marvel that I can... For now, I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor (4.933-937). Miller creates an earnest tone to point out the shift in Proctors level of confidence. With Proctor being cont ent with making a decision that people are against, Miller conveys to his audience that individuality is connectedShow MoreRelatedConformity In Arthur Millers The Crucible And Frederick Douglass705 Words   |  3 Pagesand many others before and after her time have shown that choosing to rebel against conformity builds a strong sense of individuality. This is revealed in Arthur Millers, The Crucible and Frederick Douglass, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, when John Proctor and Frederick Douglass make the decision to go against the norms of their communities. Through both Proctor and Douglass, Miller and Douglass show the development of a sense of self and confidence when standing by an individual

Raising The Federal Minimum Wage - 799 Words

In the US, President Barack Obama urges Congress to raise the federal minimum wage to $10.10 an hour from $7.25. Although some Republicans oppose to this action, overwhelming majority of Americans see that is a good idea (The Guardian, 2014). Regarding to the issue of minimum wage, there have been lots of debates for a long time. Some economists such as Milton Friedman deeply believe that minimum wage kills jobs, but some like Alan Krueger and David Card think, to some extend, it actually increased employment (The Economist, 2012). To detailedly understand the topic of the minimum wage, both sides debate of the economists on the issue should be concerned. The first is Milton Friedman, claiming that the minimum wage cannot help the economy on the ground that it will increase unemployment and poverty. According to the classic pricing theory, the law of demand, if the price of the labor increases, the quantity demanded for it will decline. Because of the higher wage rate, the empl oyers will decrease the number of workers hired, or replace the low-paid and unskilled workers with the skilled, or even introduce the machinery to do the simple tasks instead of employing workers (Friedman, 1966). Also, small businesses with the tight profit margin may not survive under the higher cost of production. Raising the legal minimum wage rate reduces demand for unskilled workers by increasing the marginal cost of a worker, and induces additional search effort from unemployedShow MoreRelatedRaising The Federal Minimum Wage889 Words   |  4 Pages In my report, I will go into detail and show how raising the federal minimum wage would positively effect the economy. In doing so, I will be discussing how an increase in the federal minimum wage would make a vast improvement on the way many low income families live, and also how raising the federal minimum wage would boost the economy as it desperately needs. In raising the federal minimum wage, one might argue that it would cause a spike in the unemployment rate. The reasoning is that it wouldRead MoreRaising The Federal Minimum Wage1277 Words   |  6 PagesThe idea of raising the federal minimum wage that has developed nation wide attention, including protesting and arguments, has caused many discussions on why it could potentially help the economy grow and how it could result in the crash of the economy. Many people feel like raising the federal minimum wage is a must, while others think it will destroy the economy. There are many benefits that come with raising the federal minimum wage, but those benefits also come with many disadvantages. TheRead MoreRaising The Federal Minimum Wage1225 Words   |  5 Pages Study shows that wage increases do lower poverty, by 2.4% if wage at $8.00, consistent with other studies. (Washington Post/ Arin Dube) 1. Raising the federal minimum wage doesn’t cause substantial unemployment as most economists agree, including over 600 economists who wrote a letter to Congress urging a wage increase, and the Economic Policy Institute. A. Identify shortcomings of the opposition (fallacies they make, or weaknesses in the evidence they use) 1. Arin Dube’s study would be great,Read MoreRaising The Federal Minimum Wage969 Words   |  4 Pages At the heart of this plan was the idea that wages must be set and fair. â€Å"No business which depends for existence on paying less than living wages to its workers has any right to continue in this country.†(Roosevelt) This plan became the Fair Labor Standards Act, which set the Federal Minimum wage. Minimum wage has increased, slowly, over the years, but has not kept up with its intended purpose. Raising the federal minimum wage to a fair living wage level will improve the lives of the working poorRead MoreThe Benefits of Raising the Federal Minimum Wage1334 Words   |  6 PagesPicture this: You are a single parent of two, you work 40 hours a week plus occasional overtime at a minimum wage paying job, you struggle to put food on the table to feed your family, and then you receive a call from the bank saying that your home is being foreclosed. This is the situatio n faced by thousands of Americans every year due to low income and wealth inequality. The federal minimum wage (FMW) as of April 2014 is $7.25, which is not enough to keep a family of two above the poverty line.Read MoreEconomic Outcomes Of Raising The Federal Minimum Wage1489 Words   |  6 Pagespercent of all wage and salary workers. Among those paid by the hour, 1.3 million earned exactly the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. About 1.7 million had wages below the federal minimum. Together, these 3.0 million workers with wages at or below the federal minimum made up 3.9 percent of all hourly paid workers†(Ratio of Minimum Wage). The Federal minimum wage drives debate among people today, and with many wanting the federal government to raise the minimum wage to fifteen dollarsRead MoreMinimum Wage And Fight Income Equality On Numerous Occasions1470 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Obama has expressed his desire to raise the minimum wage and fight income equal ity on numerous occasions. On January 20, 2015, president Obama made the following statement in his State of the Union Address: Of course, nothing helps families make ends meet like higher wages†¦and to everyone in this Congress who still refuses to raise the minimum wage, I say this: if you truly believe you could work full-time and support a family on less than $15,000 a year, go try it. If not, vote to giveRead MoreMinimum Wage Laws For The United States Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesThe minimum wage is the mandated price floor paid on hourly or daily basis for the employees regulated by the government or the union. In â€Å"Federal Minimum Wage†, New Zealand and Australia enacted the first minimum wage law during the late 19th century to prevent employers’ exploitation of workers. In 1912, Massachusetts passed the first minimum wage legislation in the US that was enforced for women and children, and fifteen more states followed in the next eleven years. Howe ver, the Supreme CourtRead MoreU.s. Federal Minimum Wage Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesCongress passed the federal minimum wage law in 1938 as part of their Fair Labor Standards Act. Federal minimum wages were intended to ensure fair wages were paid to an alarming amount of women and youths employed and paid substandard wages. This also seems to be the case today, where countless Americans who work full time, cannot make ends meet by making minimum wage. Evidence shows that raising the minimum wage would drive consumer spending, thus producing faster macroeconomic growth. Wage stagnation isRead MoreU.s. Federal Minimum Wage Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesThe current U.S. Federal Minimum Wage is $7.25 per hour. In just two years from 2013, the demanded from advocates for raising minimum wage rose from $9 to $15. However, raising the minimum wage is more complex than simply raising the number of federal standard of pay for employees. Relative control groups and other market activiti es play a part in the outcome of the minimum wage. For example, one instance of market activity was observers said that raising the minimum wage did not hurt individuals;

Theoretical Developments in Marketing †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Theoretical Developments in Marketing. Answer: Introduction Firms that outsmart their rivals by providing improved or new services to consumers have been noted to keep their service development processes from being ad hoc. According to Anderson (2007), these client-focused firms tend to advance with particular intentions via a set of well-planned stages of service innovation. Primarily, these steps involve idea generation, instituting clear objectives, concept development, prototyping, customer feedback, service design, and launch. All these are comprised in a service blueprint. Shostack (2012) defines a service blueprint as a visual/pictorial, sequential representation of a clients experiences of some specific services or products alongside organizational processes that are designed to back the experiences. Service blueprints are beneficial in several ways. They provide an overview of a companys capabilities so that workers can associate what they do with the services perceived as an essential whole (Anderson, 2011). This encourages a client -oriented determination among workers (Chi Gursoy, 2009). They also help in the identification of a companys fail/weakness points which may be revamped for a companys quality improvement strategies (Bitner, 2011). Service blueprints provide the basis for detecting as well as evaluating a companys revenue, capital invested, and cost elements (Cardozo, 2005). This paper will, using the case of Virgin Australia (VA) airline, discuss the usage of service blueprints to help in meeting the objectives of a company. VA is the second largest airline in Australia after Qantas and the largest by definitions of the size of a fleet (Kim Lee, 2009). Currently headquartered in Bowen Hills in Brisbane, the company was co-founded by Brett Godfrey and Richardson Branson in 1999 (Gregson, Hampson, Junor, Fraser, Quinlan Williamson, 2015), having only two airplanes operating in one route (Fraser, Quinlan Williamson, 2017). The company, however, got empowered when Ansett Australia collapsed in 2001(Flie Kleinaltenkamp, 2004). Since then, the company has grown and is currently serving 29 cities within Australia, developing moment by moment. Owing to the large number of clients that the company had, VA increased their number of return flights from the initial 7 to 10 (Kim Lee, 2009) and also expanded their coverage to include all major Australian cities (Bitner, 2011). Not only did they increase their internal coverage, the company also expanded their flights to oversee countries, most specifically the United States. Initially, only the United and Qantas airlines competed for the US-Australia transpacific marketplace (Anderson, 2011). This extension helped the company to satisfy its ardent customers need who always had to use other airlines when travelling across the Pacific Ocean to the U.S. Another reason that catapulted VAs success is the taking over of the leadership of the company by John Borghetti after Brett Godfrey stepped down in 2010. The movement of Borghetti from Qantas to Virgin influenced the movement of other Qantas staff. With the expertise that was carried, VA got a new set of organizational restructuring and make-ups that significantly impacted on its service provision to its clients (Kim Lee, 2009). The arrival of a new CEO also led to the rebranding of the company, creating a new impression that served to entice more and more clients. See the appendix for the companys blueprint. Virgin Australias Blueprints Front and Back Stages An exchange between consumers and businesses has continually been an integral component of commerce in any business. Notwithstanding the type of products or services offered by an organization, communication between a business and its customers will occur inevitably (Cardozo, 2005).VA, as a commercial organization, uses a website to communicate and interface with their clients (Keiningham, Morgeson, Aksoy Williams, 2014). The website serves a wide range of customers since it allows for usage in different major world languages like English and Chinese. From a glance, the companys website is considerably straightforward. It clearly shows the major services provided by the company just immediately after accessing the websites homepage. This allows easy and quick access to the companys important information that may be needed by its potential clients (Chi Gursoy, 2009). Additionally, the website contains details of all the experiences that should be expected by the airlines clients, de stinations accessible by the airline, possible plans for appropriate bookings, and seasons that may be appropriate for clients. These help the airlines customers to make informed decisions regarding the kind of services and quality they can get from the company (Cunningham, Young Lee, 2009). Generally, the companys website is accessible, functional, informative, and there are quick responses to the companys clients since data can be accessed just at a press of button. Nevertheless, the problem regarding the companys front stage is that the features revealed on the companys website stop there. Whereas it may be the companys objective to achieve all that are shown on its website, some of the features shown on their website are not currently being offered by the company (Gregson et al., 2015). There are only data regarding the same but the activities are not taking place. The company can attract more clients if only they made the features on their website more flexible and interactive than they are (Anderson, 2011). Keiningham et al. (2014) note that a direct interaction (an audio visual connection between the clients and the company) with the companys clients can be significantly enticing to the clients. Nonetheless, it is regretted that they are missing in the companys website. Furthermore, while the interface offers a detailed description of the services offered by the airline and the regions within which the company operates, a potential custome r can still find it dull. This can make them turn to their main rival airline company, Qantas, to meet their needs. Apparently, the back stage of the VA forms the very detailed front stage of the company. The VA depends chiefly on the technical skills as well as the competence of its staff to meet the need of their. Within the work lines of the companys staff, repeatability or return of their clients for more accesses is significant to the companys revenue (Chi Gursoy, 2009). By returning for services, the company gets to appreciate that their services are esteemed by their clients (Cunningham et al., 2009). As such, the companys staff have to endeavor to offer proper and modern class of services that will appeal to their clients. According to Fraser et al. (2017), the return/repeatability of clients implies that the companys staff has effectively outsourced the operations displayed on the companys front stage, particularly the companys website. VAs airline company, thus, has a fit-with-reference both to the back stage and front stages proportions that are needed in their service provision processes and overall operations. Cardozo (2005) argues that the website interface gives the (potential) clients of the company ideas regarding the operations of the company, the services offered, and channels via which they can contact the company. It is, therefore, the duty of the companys back stage to meet the needs of the companys clients as well as keep them gratified since this will determine whether the clients will remain loyal to the company in the future as well. Virgin Australias Moments of Truth In recent times, companies with robust networks of frontline salespersons have concentrated significant amounts of money as well as effort toward retaining their present clients (Shostack, 2012). Regardless of whether a company has a physical or digital presence or even both, their contact centers/interfaces have to increasingly deal with their clients during crucial moments of truth and the manner in which this experience is perceived is critical for a companys brand reputation, profitability, and loyalty (Gregson et al., 2015). Moments of truth are defined as those exchanges when clients dedicate a significant quantity of energy so that they can meet a gratifying outcome (Fraser et al., 2017). VA has several moments of truth. First, the company has begun developing interactive interfaces through which they will be able to link up with their clients (Chi Gursoy, 2009). They are currently developing a customer-connect interface of their present contact centers as well as a newly developed reach-from-home platforms. These will help the company to service both its prospective as well as current clients within and without Australia (Keiningham et al., 2014). The platform will similarly allow the company to provide services within a period of 24/7. In their attempt to warrant the best client experience, Cunningham et al. (2009) point out that they are also implementing a hybrid technology of proactive website chat functions, non-static website forms, virtual assistance, distance agent option, as well as voice biometrics capabilities that will allow for customers auto recognition. Furthermore, the company was launched in August 2000. At this time, the company only operated between Sydney and Brisbane, serving only a limited number of clients. According to Shostack (2012), the timing of the entry ofVA into the Australian airplane industry was of a great fortune to the company since it was filling a vacuum that was left by the failed Ansett Australia in 2001. This gave VA a challenge of meeting the interests of Ansetts former customers. Australia aircrafts, thus, compelling the company to tirelessly work to advance their objectives. Another moment of truth for the VA is with regard to the taking over of the leadership of the company by John Borghetti after Brett Godfrey stepped down in 2010. The movement of Borghetti from Qantas (where he served as the executive general manager) to Virgin (as the CEO) influenced the movement of other Qantas staff. Having carried with them the expertise that they had to their new work place, the Virgin got a boost and provided both services that significantly convinced Virgins clients that Virgin was the best in the industry. The arrival of a new CEO also led to the rebranding of the company so that a new impression could be given to the companys clients. Virgin Australias Determinants of Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction The airline industry is among the competitive industries in the world. With its customers at the center of all their processes, the industry endeavors to improve the quality of the services and flight safety that they offer to their clients (Peyton, Pitts Kamery, 2003). Just like any other airline, the VA is equally affected by customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction as these have the effect of determining whether the company will retain its current customers and entice new clients or lose them (Anderson, 2007). Generally, there are ten quality values that influence peoples satisfaction/dissatisfaction behaviours: timelines, quality, value, ease of access, inter-departmental collaboration, efficiency, obligation to the clients, environment, innovation, and an organizations front-line service behaviours. The study that was conducted by Flie and Kleinaltenkamp (2004) offers a foundation for VAs customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction measurement by employing the gap between the organizations performance and the clients satisfaction. According to Oliver (1980), the factors that determine VAs satisfaction/dissatisfaction include: check-in procedures, ticketing and reservations, in-flight services, and luggage handling. Different people expect to be treated differently whenever they use the VA airlines. As aforementioned, the airline offers different travel classes in their airplanes. Travelers in VAs business class are often charged higher relative to those in the economy category. Peyton et al. (2003) posit that the highly-charged seats imply that the quality of check-in procedures, ticketing and reservations, in-flight services, and luggage handling offered to them should be higher than the ones offered to the economy class travelers. Ideally, clients who pay more expect higher/better s ervices. Using the gap model to explain this, Anderson (2007) points out that clients often compare their anticipations with the real performance offered by their service providers. This depends on whether the performances provided meet or surpass their anticipation (positive disconfirmation) or are below their anticipations (negative disconfirmation). The later leads to customers dissatisfaction while the former leads to their satisfaction. To meet these factors, the service quality gap model (SERVQUAL), a form of gap model, is used. The SERVQUAL plays two main roles: identification of gaps between a companys actual services that are offered at different stages of the companys service delivery and the customers expectation (Akan, 1995) and closing up the gaps as well as improving the customer service (Oliver, 1980). As such, by the SERVQUAL model, the service quality of VA can be determined by recognizing the breaches that exist between the companys clients anticipations of the type and qual ity of services offered to them and their views of the real VAs performance of services. VAs service quality measurement can be gauged on five different dimensions. First is tangibility. Tangibility connotes the physical features that are related to a service counter (Akan, 1995). The second dimension is reliability. This gauges a companys ability to provide dependable as well as accurate services, thereby, ensuring right and consistent performance of services (Lovelock, 2013). Reliability is significant since the higher the reliability of an airline, the more the number of travelers that it gets. The third dimension is empathy. Empathy refers to a companys readiness to provide all its customers with their individual services (Peyton et al., 2003). Assurance is another dimension that can be used to gauge VAs quality of service. Assurance denotes different characteristics that provide a companys clients with confidence (Flie Kleinaltenkamp, 2004). These may include a companys particular service, polite, knowledge, and trustworthy behaviours towards their employees (Akan, 1995). Lastly is responsiveness, which refers to a companys willingness to help its clients by offering them with efficient and fast service performances. Generally, studies have shown that companies that have greater/better tangibility, empathy, responsiveness, assurance, and reliability receive more travelers or have more customers (Oliver, 1980). As such, it will be in order for VA to meet all these dimensions of the SERVQUAL model for it to continue competing in the airline industry. A Service-Recovery Strategy Plan for Virgin Australia For the past years, VAs executives have associated their fluctuating performance in the industry with the type of service-recovery strategy that they have always employed to enhance their customer loyalty (Lovelock, 2013). However, for it to outperform Qantas, the company should reorganize its strategy towards winning the trust of its customers. They should employ a strategy that will encompass all activities surrounding the comfort of their clients right from baggage drop, check-in, plane conditions, boarding, in-flight services like entertainment, shopping, as well as foods and beverages till the point of disembarkation. The company should, therefore, have a service-recovery that: offers quick actions/responses to incidents, provides sufficient explanations underlying the occurrence of incidents, offers fair treatment to their passengers in cases of incidents, cultivates associations/closeness between the companys staff and the their passengers, enables VAs staff to learn from their past recovery experiences, and tracks complaints by their clients in the event of incidents. According to Lovelock (2013), this service-recovery model functions by improving peoples psychological behaviours between an organizations staff and customers. This is because the strategy is customer-focused and cost effective (Flie Kleinaltenkamp, 2004), having the objective of satisfying clients needs when airlines are on board, identifies as well as rectifies the challenges during incidents without negative implications (Lovelock, 2013). Conclusion To this end, it can be concluded that VA has a robust service blueprint. This is attributed to the fast success that it realized just after being launched in 1999. For the company to continue realizing its objectives, they must take into account factors, like check-in procedures, ticketing and reservations, in-flight services, and luggage handling for their customers. This will go a long way to affect customers satisfaction levels and behaviours. They can, therefore, remain competitive by employing the five discussed dimensions of the SERVQUAL gap model: reliability, responsiveness, empathy, tangibility, and assurance. Since the history of the airline has been characterized by fluctuations in their performance, this paper suggests that it should employ a service-recovery strategy that entails apologies, assistance, and compensation in cases of incidents. The company can apologize to its clients either orally or in written forms and their staff should offer assistance to their clients in locating their luggage within the airport preferably by the employment of modern technologies which will ensure operational efficiency of the services offered. Similarly, the company can offer compensations in any form to their customers for eventualities. References Akan, P. (1995). Dimensions of Service Quality: A Study in Istanbul. Managing Service Quality, 5(6), 39-43. Anderson, P. (2011). Consumer Dissatisfaction: The Effect of Disconfirmed Expectancy on Perceived Product Performance. Journal of Marketing Research, 10(2), 38-44. Anderson, R. E. (2007). Consumer dissatisfaction: The effect of disconfirmed expectancy on Perceived Product Performance. Journal of Marketing Research, 10(2), 38-44. Bitner, M. J. (2011). Evaluating Service Encounters: The Effects of Physical Surroundings and Employee Responses. Journal of Marketing,54(2), 69-82. Cardozo, R. (2005). An experimental Study of Customer Effort, Expectation, and Satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Research, 2(8), 244-249. Chi, C. G., Gursoy, D. (2009). Employee Satisfaction, Customer Satisfaction, and Financial Performance: An Empirical Examination. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(2), 245-253. Cunningham, L. F., Young, C. E., Lee, M. (2009). Customer Perceptions of Service Dimensions: American and Asian Perspectives. The Service industries Journal, 25(1), 43-59. Flie, S. Kleinaltenkamp, M. (2004). Blueprint the Service Company: Managing Service Processes Efficiently.Journal of Business Research,57(4), 392-404. Fraser, D., Quinlan, M., Williamson, A. (2017). Aust'n airline Virgin Australia plans new route to Hong Kong.Xinhua News Agency. Gregson, S., Hampson, I., Junor, A., Fraser, D., Quinlan, M., Williamson, A. (2015). Supply chains, maintenance and safety in the Australian airline industry.Journal of Industrial Relations,57(4), 604-623. Keiningham, T. L., Morgeson, F. V., Aksoy, L., Williams, L. (2014). Service Failure Severity, Customer Satisfaction, and Market Share: An Examination of the Airline industry. Journal of Service Research, 17(4), 415-431. Kim, Y. K., Lee, H. R. (2009). Passenger Complaints under Irregular Airline Conditions Cross-cultural Study. Journal of Air Transport Management, 15(6), 350-353. Lovelock, C. H. (2013). Managing Interactions between Operations and Marketing and their Impact on Customers, in Bowen, D.E. Chase, R.B. and Cummings, T.G. (eds),Service Management Effectiveness. Balancing Strategy, organization and Human Resources,San Francisco, 343-69. Oliver, R. (1980) Theoretical Bases of Consumer Satisfaction Research: Review, critique, and future direction. In C. Lamb P. Dunne (Eds), Theoretical Developments in marketing (pp.206-210). Chicago: American Marketing Association. Peyton, R. M., Pitts, S., Kamery, H. R. (2003). Consumer Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction (CS/D): A Review of the Literature Prior to the 1990s. Proceedings of the Academy of Organizational Culture, Communication and Conflict, 7(2), 42. 15. Shostack, G. L. (2012). Designing Services that Deliver",Harvard Business Review, 62(1), 133139.

Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay Essay Example

Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay Essay Using recent research discuss how recent attacks have sought to undertake the lodging and homelessness jobs and critically analyse, utilizing modern-day studies and policy proclamations, how the late elected Conservative and Liberal democrat alliance authorities may impact these attacks. Nobody should be made homeless by controversial cuts to lodging benefitsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦I do nt believe it will be necessary for anybody to travel without a place David Cameron, UK Prime Minister, ( BBC, 28/10/10 ) . In 2008, due to assorted grounds, there was a terrible addition in defaults on sub premier mortgages in the U.S.A. This caused a deficit of financess available for loaning that meant loans became impossible to acquire. What we now call the banking crisis spread throughout the remainder of the universe and brought the universe to its articulatio genuss. The affect in the UK resulted in the trouble in obtaining mortgages ; house monetary values fell and the state entered what is considered the worst recession since the Great Depression of 1929. We will write a custom essay sample on Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In June 2010, elections were held in the UK and the Coalition Government ( Conservative and Liberal Democrats ) came into power with a shortage of ?155 billion one of the worst shortages as a per centum of GDP in the universe ( The Telegraph, 19/2/10 ) . The new Government decided on severe steps to cut down the state s shortage and in October 2010, the alliance s comprehensive disbursement reappraisal ( CSR ) was published. Equally shortly as the cuts were announced, several taking homelessness charities urged the Government to rethink the cuts to the benefits budget as they feared the consequence it would hold on the vulnerable and declared that the CSR is a catastrophe for the really people ; who are most deserving of the Governments support ( BBC, 22/10/10 ) . This essay will endeavor to discourse the impact of the late elected alliance authorities on the homeless and those administrations that help and back up them. Since the debut of the Homelessness Act ( 2002 ) , there has been a dramatic decrease in the figure of homelessness applications made to local councils in England. Likewise, the lessening seen in Wales has been since the debut of the Welsh Assembly Governments revised National Homelessness Strategy in 2005. The impermanent adjustment provided to the homeless which are usually in bed and breakfasts and inns have been reduced by the Government and since 2002 the preferable method has now been to utilize the private sector. In add-on, the 2006 Homelessness Order introduced a set of criterions for impermanent adjustment and whether the adjustment was suited to run into the demands of the person/s, nevertheless this has farther added to the addition in private sector leasing. ( Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2009, online ) . Although the figure of homeless have reduced with the debut of policies, schemes and Acts, it has still been left largely to the 3rd sector, and the funders of the charities, to go on presenting front line services that support vulnerable people who find themselves trapped in the revolving door of homelessness . There has besides been a dramatic betterment in the handiness of services that have ensured that the most vulnerable people in society are supported and which facilitate people in developing their accomplishments that will enable them to construct a better life for themselves. Agencies such as Shelter, Crisis and Sitra, and many other voluntary and community sector organsations around the UK have ensured that support has been available for people to assist them settle into lasting places, maintain their occupancy ; happen employment ; manage fundss and reconstruct their assurance. Assorted charities such as Turnaround and A Chance 2 Work have taken on the function of suppl ying preparation ; assisting people with procuring suited adjustment ; signposting them onto bureaus where they can farther develop their accomplishments and besides frequently supplying a Centre where people can run into, be active, and have a sense of community ( Homeless Link, online, 2010 ) . Additionally Shelter support a figure of voluntary undertakings, ( such as Fab Pad and Starter Packs both in Scotland ) , which work with the homeless and besides supply advice, information and protagonism to people in lodging demand and indefatigably run to stop homelessness ( Shelter, 2010 ) . However the CSR has now influenced cardinal authorities support which in bend has affected local authorization ( LA ) support ; private sector lodging ; the lodging market reclamation and decreased support for registered societal landlords. Changes to lodging benefits, with caps on payments to be introduced, eligibility standards and proposed alterations to societal lodging term of office and loss of secure support for lodging plants all have changing deductions harmonizing to LA disbursement programs. These may include rent additions for societal renters ; reduced entree to LA equity release merchandises ; less suppport for traveling and increased force per unit area on twosomes and individual older people to travel out of household sized places across term of office. It is argued that these severe steps will probably coerce households from their places and metropoliss, into debt, onto the street and could do 1000s of people to be made homeless in the UK ( Cocks, Care and Repair, 20 10 ) . The National Housing Federation ( NHF ) claim that decreases in payments for people claiming Jobseekers Allowance could go forth a big figure of the 4.7 million claiming lodging benefit with less disposable income to run into the cost of necesseties ( such as nutrient and public-service corporations ) which could take to a steep rise in evictions and up to 202,000 people losing their places, despite what the Prime Minister says ( BBC, 04/07/10 ) . Although it sounds sensible that individual people under 35 on lodging benefit will non be able to acquire adjustment on their ain, it will be hard for people such as domestic force victims to portion houses with others. Natalie Peart ( 2010 ) points out in the November issue of the Pavement that it is a strong possibility that after the immense stairss which Glasgow City council has taken to better impermanent adjustment by traveling people from out-of-date inns into supported occupancies in existent places could all but disappear and the big homeless inns could return because of the cuts in benefits and allowances. In add-on, Murray ( Libdem, 2010 ) states that the complex agreements that have changed sing the principal of the computation of lodging benefits will go forth many people with less benefit to afford the rent in private sector places and will further ensue in many going homeless. He goes on to reason that unless more low-cost places are built with the right substructure and integrated into bing communities, so many people will be left behind. The consequence of the current alliance authorities s policies will intend more overcrowding, more wretchedness and more people kiping on our streets ( Libdemvoice, online, 2010 ) . Although Shelter welcomes the Governments proclamation that the homelessness and Supporting Peoples ( SP ) grants have been left untasted, it is to be remembered that the SP budget was once pealing fenced, but lost its protection in 2009 and can still be raided by other council sections. They further argue that these grants merely meet the demands of the people who are in the worst state of affairss and does non assist the 1000000s of people who already face the on-going battle to happen and maintain a nice low-cost place, particularly with the rise in unemployment and autumn in disposable income ( Shelter, 2010 ) . Cirencester Housing for Young People have already lost their SP support and this raises the inquiry whether the charity will last ( Homeless Link, online, 2010 ) . Kent Council for illustration has admitted that it is trusting to do significant nest eggs when they re-tend the SP contracts and there are rumors that the figure of SP contracts will be dropped from 72 to 22 w hen the re-tendering procedure Begins ( Inside Housing, online, 2010 ) . As LA s have had their portion of grant support badly cut from cardinal authorities, funding grants usually given to the 3rd sector have been either significantly reduced or withdrawn. This in bend has caused redundancies or working hours being reduced in frontline staff and is impacting how charities are able to assist those that are either at hazard of being homeless or are stateless. The lodging charity Sitra advised that a figure of governments have already implemented terrible decreases to disbursement on lodging related support ( Sitra, online, 2010 ) and harmonizing to Mr Sinclair ( main executive of homelessness charity Broadway ) many charities are being asked by the LA s to cut down the cost of the service by 10 15 % with a intimation that if they are unable to, the charity could be dropped from the contract and the service put out to tender. This would intend that smaller charities which are non in a stable fiscal place would hold to shut if they cut monetary values on bi ng contracts or lose out to cheaper commands. The charity Framework obviously states that the disbursement cuts will impact them greatly. They already have a immense waiting list and they are unable to, at present, do plenty for stateless people with farther support cuts. The loss of staff and the possible closing of the Centre will intend that local homeless people will hold nowhere to travel ( Framework, online, 2010 ) . Even local administrations such as the Citizens Advice Bureaux, Opening Doors, Warrington Community Law Centre and Age Concern Mid Mersey are already covering with an tremendous work load, which has meant working beyond their capacity and, since the CSR, has seen a immense addition in the figure of people through their doors. Without the administrations that provide advice, information, security and support for people to travel into their ain place, enable them to populate independently and guarantee that they do non go homeless once more, many people that 3rd sector bureaus presently support will stop up bac k on the street. Harmonizing to the Conservative Blueprint for Undertaking Homelessness ( 2008 ) , the Conservative Party was committed to undertaking homelessness in society and understand that in order to decently turn to this issue we must travel beyond covering with it strictly as a job of lodging and alternatively accept the multi-faceted nature of homelessness . As portion of the solution, all relevant Whitehall sections including Housing, Work and Pensions, Health and Justice and Defence would be turn toing the issue of homelessness. Similarly the Broad Democrats housing and homelessness pronunciamento included providing much needed aid to those who are fighting at the borders of society by making 1000s of occupations and supplying much needed low-cost lodging to do a existent difference to those who do non hold shelter. The pronunciamento stated that protecting and assisting vulnerable people would stay at the top of their docket ( Broad Democrats, online, 2008 ) . However one time the CSR was announced, it became clear that the rough budget cuts might non guarantee that homelessness remains a precedence on the docket when, for illustration, the disposal budget for most sections was to be slashed by 33 -35 % ( HM Treasury, 2010 ) . Campbell Robb, main executive of the lodging and homeless charity Shelter argues that a sequence of authoritiess has failed to turn to our lodging crisis and today s proclamations suggest the alliance has steadfastly joined them in denying duty for an full coevals s ability to entree decent, secure, low-cost lodging . He continued to state that it was a immense blow to see that lodging which was one of the most basic demands for every individual individual in the UK was confronting some of the biggest cuts in the CSR ( Daily Mirror, 21/10/10 ) . The significant lessening in support for lodging will go forth 100s of 1000s of people on the waiting lists for a nice place. New council house renters will hold to pay well more with rents lifting to 80 % of the market rate and with merely 150,000 new places being built over the following four old ages, warnings that the figure of stateless people will lift hold been repeated by taking charities ( Daily Mirror, 21/10/10 ) . Although the authorities has committed to constructing 150,000 low-cost places, this is about a cut of 30 % from current degrees. The mark set by the authorities of 3 million new places by 2020 is improbable to be met as it means 240,000 places should be built every twelvemonth something that has non been achieved since the early 1990 s and is non on the current docket ( Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2009 ) . Mr Robb ( NCH, 2010 ) criticised Mr Osborne s opinion on lodging, adding that the proposed figure of up to 150,000 low-cost places over four old ages repres ents less than a 3rd of what this state desperately requires to convey the lodging system from its articulatio genuss. However constructing new places will non work out the homelessness crisis or even stop the ceaseless lodging demand in Britain it is far more complex than that. We are still confronting an addition in birth and divorce rates, addition in length of service, people traveling in and out of institutions ( such as prisons, infirmaries, psychiatric arrangements and immature people go forthing attention ) , increased Numberss of refugees and refuge searchers and in-migration from states within and outside of the European Union all continue to be lending factors to homelessness. Angela Kail ( 2010, online ) discussed the impact of the CSR and the 7 % cuts to LA s on charities working in the community sector and argued that the cuts will spell the terminal for local community charities . Many charities will confront closing or cutbacks and will hold to curtail the type, and degree, of services that they can offer ; the figure of people that they can assist and back up, and causes service suppliers to be unable to do long-run programs. Robert McGeachy ( NCH ) argued in 2006 that the 3rd sector are progressively supplying more intensive support over a longer period when demands are non being met elsewhere, nevertheless services being provided will go limited due to miss of support and this is more of a world in today s economic clime ( NCH, on-line 2006 ) . The demand for voluntary sector services will doubtless increase greatly, merely as budgets are cut or affected by new support governments and the homelessness sector will hold to believe about how it can supply more support to vulnerable people with less. However, a study has shown that 63 % of community and voluntary sector administrations plan to cut staff Numberss over the following three months which will do this proposal even more of a challenge ( CVS, online, 15/10/10 ) . Additionally services that are thought to be nice-to-have such as those that develop community development, those that work towards battling fiscal exclusion and societal isolation and those that are similar to others that are being delivered by other homeless services suppliers will non last. Partnership and collaborative working between administrations is now more needful than of all time and it may be the lone manner some charities are able to last to go on back uping vulnerable people. The support cuts are likely to do extremist alterations and charities will hold to confront shriveling in size or unifying with larger charities that are financially more unafraid otherwise they will merely neglect one time they have run out of options. Cathy Pharoah ( 3/11/10 ) argues that this will be the clip when many 3rd sector administrations will necessitate aid with these alterations such as covering with the practicalities of undertaking or closings, redundancies and service reconfiguration. However with the closing of the Regional Development Agencies, and the decreases in Cabinet Office support for substructure organic structures, this aid will non probably be available and the extremist alterations will be even more distressing for some. Jeremy Swain ( main executive of Thames Reach ) suggests that the most of import inquiry of all is will stateless people besides end up paying a rough monetary value? ( Inside Housing, online, 2010 ) No affair who pays the monetary value, it is argued that the budget cuts were necessary in order to cut down the state s public shortage. Grant Shapps ( Minister for Housing and Local Government ) says that by non doing the difficult determinations in order to cut down the shortage, mortgage rates would lift still higher and do houses less low-cost. The involvement refunds on ?1 trillion of debt would take money off from frontline services, cut down future investing and finally stultify the UK. With the loss of about half a million public-sector occupations some say closer to 750,000 ( Sunday Times, 2010 ) , it is possibly fortunate that the alliance Government decided to protect the Homelessness grant by puting ?400 million, and that the decreases to the SP programme has been minimised, with ?6.5bn investing secured over the following four old ages. The Government is cognizant that low-cost lodging for those who can non afford to run into their ain lodging demands remains indispens able and a more flexible system of low-cost lodging will be adopted to run into the different demands of people. Simply put, given the immense force per unit areas on public fundss and the economic fortunes that we face, methods to do limited public investing travel farther demand to be found. Despite the fiscal restraints, the Government will still be puting about ?6.5 billion of the taxpayer s money into lodging, with ?4.5 billion to fund new low-cost places. They besides intend to supply ?200m so that the Mortgage Rescue strategy can remain unfastened to back up vulnerable householders threatened with repossession and a farther ?100m to convey empty places back in usage ( Shapps, 2010 ) . However will this be adequate to cut down the figure of people who are already stateless, those at hazard of going homeless in the hereafter whilst still work towards eliminating homelessness? Since the CSR was announced, everyone interviewed by the BBC seems to be in favor of the budget cuts every bit long as it does non impact him or her. The rough world is that for the following few old ages, everyone will be affected in one-way or another and it is non the first clip that something has happened, such as the election of a new authorities ( albeit it be a alliance ) that will impact attacks and policies in topographic point with respects to undertaking the lodging and homelessness jobs that Britain has faced over the last 20 old ages. The CSR will decidedly hold an inauspicious affect on the full state and harmonizing to the homelessness charities, more so on those that are vulnerable, homeless or at hazard of going homeless. Charities that work with and for older people, kids, carers, young person wrongdoers, ex-service work forces and adult females, those with mental wellness issues merely to call a few are all stating the same and contending for their ain corner nami ng on the Government to rethink the disbursement reappraisal as the cuts will be impacting their most vulnerable service users. Which are the few that need to be sacrificed to maintain the state from crumpling? We may non be ready for the disbursement cuts and revenue enhancement additions, but we now have no pick and something demands to be done to acquire the state off from the threshold of bankruptcy. WORD COUNT 2961